Comparative comprehensive analysis on natural infections of Hymenolepis diminuta and Hymenolepis nana in commensal rodents

Abstract

Summary This first comprehensive report from Punjab province of India relates to patho-physiological alterations alongwith morpho-molecular characterisation and risk assessment of natural infections of Hymenolepis diminuta and Hymenolepis nana in 291commensal rodents including house rat, Rattus rattus (n=201) and lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicota bangalensis (n=90). Small intestine of 53.61 and 64.95 % rats was found infected with H. diminuta and H. nana, respectively with a concurrent infection rate of 50.86 %. There was no association between male and female rats and H. diminuta and H. nana infections (ᵡ2 = 0.016 and 0.08, respectively, d.f.= 1, P>0.05), while the host age had significant effect on prevalence of H. diminuta and H. nana (ᵡ2 = 28.12 and 7.18, respectively, d.f.= 1, P≤0.05) infection. Examination of faecal samples and intestinal contents revealed globular shaped eggs of H. diminuta without polar filaments (76.50 ± 3.01μm x 67.62 ± 2.42 μm), while smaller sized oval eggs of H. nana were with 4 – 8 polar filaments (47.87 ± 1.95 μm x 36.12 ± 3.05 μm). Cestode infection caused enteritis, sloughing of intestinal mucosa, necrosis of villi and inflammatory reaction with infiltration of mononuclear cells in the mucosa and submucosa. Morphometric identification of the adult cestodes recovered from the intestinal lumen was confirmed by molecular characterisation based on nuclear ITS-2 loci which showed a single band of 269 bp and 242 bp for H. diminuta and H. nana, respectively. Pairwise alignment of the ITS-2 regions showed 99.46 % similarity with sequences of H. diminuta from USA and 100 % similarity with sequences of H. nana from Slovakia, Kosice.

Hymenolepiasis Caused by Hymenolepis nana in Humans and Natural Infection in Rodents in a Marginal Urban Sector of Guayaquil, Ecuador

“…The presence of H. nana in the intestinal content of rodents and in the feces of rodents contained in powdered milk was determined by sedimentation with centrifugation using saline solution and staining with lugol, and was then observed under an optical microscope using 10× and 40× objectives (Figure 2). The eggs were of the embryonated type, with a thin membrane, sized between 42 and 45 microns, and there was the presence of hooks and polar filaments, as described by Brar et al (2021) [14].…”

Metabarcoding of bacteria and parasites in the gut of Apodemus agrarius

“…We detected Raillietina sp. in 8.3% of samples; this tapeworm was reported to have the highest prevalence of all potential zoonotic helminths infecting wild rodents in the Indochinese Peninsula [ 62 ]. We also found Strongyloides sp.…”

Antifertility effects of quinestrol in male lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicota bengalensis, and potential in managing rodent population under field conditions

“…2009; Brar et al. 2021). Various methods are applied worldwide to reduce losses caused by rodent pests, but the use of rodenticides as a lethal method is considered the most practical, economical, and effective (Buckle & Eason 2015; Witmer 2019).…”

“…Among several rodent species, Bandicota bengalensis (Gray, 1835) has been reported throughout Southeast Asia (Singla & Parshad 2010;Singleton et al 2021). Besides causing serious damage to food crops (Singla & Babbar 2012;Munawar et al 2019;Baig et al 2021), it is also involved in spread of several diseases and is a host of parasites (Singla et al 2008(Singla et al , 2016Meerburg et al 2009;Brar et al 2021). Various methods are applied worldwide to reduce losses caused by rodent pests, but the use of rodenticides as a lethal method is considered the most practical, economical, and effective (Buckle & Eason 2015;Witmer 2019).…”