Comparative chondrogenesis of human cell sources in 3D scaffolds

Abstract

Cartilage tissue can be engineered by starting from a diversity of cell sources, including stem-cell based and primary cell-based platforms. Selecting an appropriate cell source for the process of cartilage tissue engineering or repair is critical and challenging due to the variety of cell options available. In this study, cellular responses of isolated human chondrocytes, human embryonic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from three sources, human embryonic stem cells, bone marrow and adipose tissue, were assessed for chondrogenic potential in 3D culture. All cell sources were characterized by FACS analysis to compare expression of some surface markers. The cells were differentiated in two different biomaterial matrices, silk and chitosan scaffolds, in the presence and absence of bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) along with the standard chondrogenic differentiating factors. Embryonic stem cells derived MSCs showed unique characteristics with preserved chondrogenic phenotype in both scaffolds with regard to chondrogenesis, as determined by real time RT-PCR, histological and microscopic analyses. After 4 weeks of cultivation, embryonic stem cells derived MSCs were promising for chondrogenesis, particularly in the silk scaffolds with BMP-6. The results suggest that cell source differences are important to consider with regard to chondrogenic outcomes and with the variables addressed here, the human embryonic stem cells derived MSCs were the preferred cell source.

Variable Requirements for DNA-Binding Proteins at Polycomb-Dependent Repressive Regions in Human HOX Clusters

“…Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were derived from H1 and H9 human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) (WA01 and WA09; WiCell) by following a protocol described by Seda Tigli (25). Briefly, the hESCs were grown in Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium (IMDM)for 2 weeks and then in mesenchymal stem cell growth medium (MSCGM) (Lonza) for 4 days before fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) for cells that are CD73 positive and CD45 and CD19 negative.…”

The role of growth factors in stem cell-directed chondrogenesis: a real hope for damaged cartilage regeneration

“…MSCs are non-hematopoietic cells that originate from several sources, although the bestcharacterized populations derive from bone marrow (BMMSCs). Besides BM-MSCs for cartilage repair cells have been isolated from various tissues such as synovium, periosteum, adipose tissue or synovial fluid [12,48,49]. Among these cell lines, synovium-derived MSCs (SMSCs) have been recently recognized as an appropriate cell type with chondrogenic potential and high proliferative capacity [49].…”

“…Moreover, SMSCs could be also easily harvested, for example, during an arthroscopic examination of the joint. Chondrocytes derived from the MSC are suitable for application in regenerative medicine, since they are also easy to isolate and manipulate [48]. During maintenance, proliferation, migration and subsequent differentiation, MSCs are involved in the reciprocal transfer of many signals with neighbouring cells [51][52][53].…”

Directed Differentation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells in Combination of Biomaterials

“…According to fluorescence image analysis, neuron differentiation efficiency of polyacrylic acid grafted CNT thin films is greater than that on polyacrylic acid thin films. Other comparison has been done between silk and chitosan scaffolds in chondrogenesis of human cell sources [48] . After 4 weeks of cultivation, hESCderived MSCs were promising for chondrogenesis, particularly in the silk scaffolds with BMP6.…”