Comparative characteristics of the intergenic spacer of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster in mosquitoes of the genus Culex (Diptera: Culicidae)

Partial Ribosomal Nontranscribed Spacer Sequences DistinguishRhagoletis zephyria(Diptera: Tephritidae) From the Apple Maggot,R. pomonella

“…While the 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA structural genes, and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2), of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) cistron have been used extensively for phylogenetics and population-level studies (the review of Hillis and Dixon (1991) has been cited over 2000 times), the external transcribed spacer (ETS) and nontranscribed spacer (NTS) regions, which together comprise the ribosomal intergenic spacer (IGS), have been relatively underutilized in systematics and species identification in insects, and exploration of these uses may prove fruitful. Shaikevich et al (2013) described IGS sequences from mosquitoes ( Culex spp. ; Diptera: Culicidae) and indicated that these might prove useful for population genetics and phylogenetic analyses, but this study has been cited only once in the literature since publication (Web of Science; accessed 22 June 2021).…”

“…For reasons that are not entirely clear, the work of Shaikevich et al (2013) , who showed that the IGS regions of Culex species provided promising molecular markers for population genetics studies and phylogenetic analysis, has not seen broad applicability. This may be, in part, because the ribosomal IGS regions are not as easy to use as the 18S, 28S, ITS1, and ITS2 sequences, which are readily accessible and easy to amplify via PCR, and have proven to be successful in a range of phylogenetics studies (e.g., Si et al 2020 ).…”

The diagnostic utility of sequence-based assays for the molecular delimitation of the epidemiologically relevantCulex pipiens pipienstaxa (Diptera: Culicidae)

“…To overcome these difficulties, the issue of the molestus / pipiens differentiation has been tackled by a multitude of molecular approaches. Some of the markers include: the 3’ end of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (Shaikevich et al ., 2005; Kent et al ., 2007), microsatellite loci (Fonseca et al ., 2004; Kent et al ., 2007; Gomes et al ., 2009, 2013; Kothera et al ., 2013), the flanking region of CQ11 microsatellite locus ( CQ11FL ) (Bahnck & Fonseca, 2006; Gomes et al ., 2009, 2013; Di Luca et al ., 2016), intergenic spacer (Shaikevich et al ., 2013), 12S rRNA, HS60 , ND4 (Kent et al ., 2007), and most recently, period and timeless , circadian rhythm genes (Shaikevich et al ., 2016), as well as a genome-wide AFLP approach (Gomes et al ., 2015). The issue of molestus / pipiens identification, however, remains a controversial topic since different DNA regions are subject to varying levels of gene flow as a consequence of their mode of inheritance (Petit & Excoffier, 2009), which is reflected in their diagnostic value.…”

Screening of sibling species of Anopheles culicifacies Giles in Sri Lanka, using DNA based methods and determining population structure of sibling species B

“…gambiae (Favia et al, 2001;Collins & Paskewitz, 1996;Scott et al, 1993), Cuiex (Shaikevich et al, 2013) and Aedes species (Ambrose & Crease, 2010;Baldridge & Fallon, 1992). However the evolutionary significance of this length variation in the IGS region is yet to be found .…”