Comparative biology of germ-free and conventional poultry

Cowieson, A. J.

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2022.102105

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Virtually no mechanistic work has been performed in detail in poultry birds, especially without resorting to antibiotic-induced microbiota suppression 63 . In GF animals, absence of GM leads to altered gene expression and metabolite concentrations in the caecal compartment, signaling changes in intestinal physiology, probably represented by reduced villi, thinner walls, and a more acidic pH as already discussed elsewhere 64,65 . Notably, the near total absence of butyrate and propionate in the caecal contents and in peripheral organs of GF animals confirms their exclusive bacterial origin in our model, since they are unlikely to be produced in significant amounts by the host metabolic machinery 49,66 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

The gut microbiota and its metabolite butyrate shape metabolism and antiviral immunity along the gut-lung axis in the chicken

Guabiraba,

Saint-Martin,

Guillory

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The gut microbiota exerts profound influence on poultry immunity and metabolism through mechanisms that yet need to be elucidated. Here we used conventional and germ-free chickens to explore the influence of the gut microbiota on transcriptomic and metabolic signatures along the gut-lung axis in poultry. Our results demonstrated a differential regulation of certain metabolites and genes associated with innate immunity and metabolism in peripheral tissues of germ-free birds. Furthermore, we evidenced the gut microbiota's capacity to regulate mucosal immunity in the chicken lung during avian influenza virus infection. Finally, by fine-analysing the antiviral pathways triggered by the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate in chicken respiratory epithelial cells, we found that it regulates interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), notably OASL, via the transcription factor Sp1. These findings emphasize the pivotal role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in shaping homeostasis and immunity in poultry, offering crucial insights into the mechanisms governing the gut-lung axis dialogue in birds.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

The gut microbiota and its metabolite butyrate shape metabolism and antiviral immunity along the gut-lung axis in the chicken

Guabiraba,

Saint-Martin,

Guillory

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the past decade, our comprehension of the intestinal flora has undergone a nearly exponential expansion [ 40 ]. The increasing recognition of the importance of the intestinal flora is helped by the advent of innovative methodologies and technologies, including germ-free animals [ 41 ], fecal microbiota transplantation [ 42 ], and omics [ 43 ]. Genetic studies have estimated that human genetics can explain 1.9%-8.1% of the variation in the gut microbiome [ 44 , 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causality of the gut microbiome and atherosclerosis-related lipids: a bidirectional Mendelian Randomization study

Teng,

Jia,

Wang

et al. 2024

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims Recent studies have indicated an association between intestinal flora and lipids. However, observational studies cannot indicate causality. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potentially causal relationships between the intestinal flora and blood lipids. Methods We performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between intestinal flora and blood lipids. Summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for the 211 intestinal flora and blood lipid traits (n = 5) were obtained from public datasets. Five recognized MR methods were applied to assess the causal relationship with lipids, among which, the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) regression was used as the primary MR method. A series of sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the causal estimates. Results The results indicated a potential causal association between 19 intestinal flora and dyslipidemia in humans. Genus Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae, Parasutterella, Terrisporobacter, Parabacteroides, Class Erysipelotrichia, Family Erysipelotrichaceae, and order Erysipelotrichales were associated with higher dyslipidemia, whereas genus Oscillospira, Peptococcus, Ruminococcaceae UCG010, Ruminococcaceae UCG011, Dorea, and Family Desulfovibrionaceae were associated with lower dyslipidemia. After using the Bonferroni method for multiple testing correction, Only Desulfovibrionaceae [Estimate = -0.0418, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9362–0.9826, P = 0.0007] exhibited stable and significant negative associations with ApoB levels. The inverse MR analysis did not find a significant causal effect of lipids on the intestinal flora. Additionally, no significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy for IVs was observed in the analysis. Conclusion The study suggested a causal relationship between intestinal flora and dyslipidemia. These findings will provide a meaningful reference to discover dyslipidemia for intervention to address the problems in the clinic.

show abstract

“…It is well known that the immune system plays a crucial role in shaping and maintaining the chicken gut microbiota, and that the gut microbiota itself contributes to immune system maturation (1,2). Raising chickens in a germfree environment has been shown to lead to decreased maturation of both the innate and adaptive immune response, and gut physiology (2,3). Providing chicks with exposure to caecal/faecal content transplants from adult birds, or with synthetic communities of microbes constructed from microbes isolated from the chicken gut, has been shown to modulate the immune system (4)(5)(6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious bronchitis virus vaccination, but not the presence of XCR1, is correlated with large differences in chicken caecal microbiota

Glendinning,

Wu,

Vervelde

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The chicken immune system and microbiota play vital roles in maintaining gut homeostasis and protecting against pathogens. In mammals, XCR1+ conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are located in the gut-draining lymph nodes and play a major role in gut homeostasis. These cDCs sample antigens in the gut luminal contents and limit the inflammatory response to gut commensal microbes by generating appropriate regulatory and effector T-cell responses. We hypothesised that these cells play similar roles in sustaining gut homeostasis in chickens, and that chickens lacking XCR1 were likely to contain a dysbiotic caecal microbiota. Here we compare the caecal microbiota of chickens that were either heterozygous or homozygous XCR1 knockouts, that had or had not been vaccinated for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). We used short-read (Illumina) and long-read (PacBio HiFi) metagenomic sequencing to reconstruct 670 high-quality, strain-level metagenome assembled genomes. We found no significant differences between alpha-diversity or the abundance of specific microbial taxa between genotypes. However, IBV vaccination was found to correlate with significant differences in the richness and beta-diversity of the microbiota, and to the abundance of forty bacterial genera. In conclusion, we found that a lack of XCR1 was not correlated with significant changes in the chicken microbiota, but IBV vaccination was.

show abstract

Comparative biology of germ-free and conventional poultry

Cited by 8 publications

References 52 publications

The gut microbiota and its metabolite butyrate shape metabolism and antiviral immunity along the gut-lung axis in the chicken

The gut microbiota and its metabolite butyrate shape metabolism and antiviral immunity along the gut-lung axis in the chicken

Causality of the gut microbiome and atherosclerosis-related lipids: a bidirectional Mendelian Randomization study

Infectious bronchitis virus vaccination, but not the presence of XCR1, is correlated with large differences in chicken caecal microbiota

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About