Comparative Bioelectronic Diagnostics of the Ecological State of Polluted Water Areas (On the Example of Some Channels of the Volga Delta)

Abstract

The objects of bioindication of the ecological state were 3 channels of the Volga Delta, located both directly in Astrakhan and in the Astrakhan region. The aim of the work was to conduct a comparative bioelectronic diagnosis of the ecological state of the selected channels with different local anthropogenic loads, both by type and size, based on assessments of the functional state (health) of the bivalve mollusks Anodonta anatina living in them, estimated on the basis of an analysis of their cardiorhythm, measured using an original fiber-optic bioelectronic system. It was found that shellfish selected from different water areas, after 1hour functional load, restore the original heart rate for different times, but in the range from 117 to 166 minutes, which is typical for shellfish living in significantly polluted reservoirs of the same ecological status - "Bad". This characteristic of the water areas completely coincides with the characteristic of the ecological state of the channels of the Volga River Delta specified in the State Report "On the state and on Environmental Protection of the Russian Federation in 2017". The authors proposed and justified the possibility of using the water area of the Gandurino River as a conditional reference for the Volga Delta region. In this case, according to the value of the environmental quality coefficient EQR, the channels of the Urban Branch and the Small Channel can be attributed to the regional environmental status - "Good".

The Experience of Screening Studies on the Marine and Freshwater Ecosystem “Health” Based on an Operational State Assessment of Bivalves by the Method of Functional Load. Problems and Prospects of Development

“…В Однако авторами [Холодкевич и др., 2021b (Kholodkevich et al, 2021b)] было обращено внимание на то, что биомаркер Т восст моллюсков из р. Гандурино свидетельствует о значительно более хорошем функциональном состоянии (здоровье) обитающих в ней моллюсков, по сравнению с моллюсками рукава Городской и проток Малый (табл. 5).…”