Comparative Assessment of the Efficiency of Rice Husk Biochar and Conventional Water Treatment Method to Remove Chlorpyrifos from Pesticide Polluted Water
Abstract:Nigeria is currently the largest rice producing country in Africa. High volumes of waste such as rice husk are inevitable with high production. Also pesticides used to rid of pests, diseases and improve crop yield find their ways into available surface water that serves domestic purpose. This study therefore determined the efficiency of conventional water treatment procedure for pesticide/pesticide residue removal and evaluated the performance of rice husk-based biochar as adsorbent to remove chlorpyrifos from… Show more
“…As a result of the electrostatic repulsion between the molecules and the surface of the adsorbent, adsorption is not favoured 28 . This pattern is similar to what has been seen for other adsorbent systems [28][29][30] .…”
Section: Effect Of Ph On Adsorption Of Ddvp From Simulated Solutionsupporting
Background and Objective: In the aquatic environment, pesticides are the most studied class of organic toxins but their management has received little attention. The efficacy of activated carbon formed from sawdust as an adsorbent for pesticide removal from industrial wastewater was investigated as well as the effectiveness of conventional wastewater treatment processes for pesticide removal. It also compared the adsorbentʼs efficiency to activated carbon that is commercially available. Materials and Methods: The SEM-EDX, FTIR and the brunauer-emmett-teller (BET) analyzer were used to analyze sawdust-activated carbon (SAC) made from locally available sawdust. Batch adsorption experiment on simulated solutions of 2,2-Dichlorovinyl-dimethyl-phoshate (DDVP) at varied concentrations (0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg LG 1 ) using SAC. Other variables including pH, adsorbent dose and contact time were optimized. Results: The pH was 7.2±0.14, ash content was 3.1±0.00, moisture content was 2.0±0.32%, Brunner Emmett Teller surface area was 736±0.00 m 2 gG 1 , micropore volume was 0.3131±0.00 m 3 gG 1 and bulk density was 0.55±0.00, according to the SAC. In the untreated and company-treated wastewater samples, the percentage recoveries for DDVP were 86±0.71 and 88±1.41, respectively. In the adsorption of DDVP from industrial wastewater, the optimum parameters obtained during the simulation experiment were used. Sawdust activated carbon has higher adsorption efficiencies (89.06±0.014 and 88.62±0.962) than commercial activated carbon (80.94±2.744 and 77.50±0.410) for both untreated and company-treated wastewater, according to the findings. Conclusion: The sawdust-activated carbon can be used as a low-cost, high-performance and environment-friendly adsorbent when compared to commercial activated carbon for the removal of DDVP from wastewater.
“…As a result of the electrostatic repulsion between the molecules and the surface of the adsorbent, adsorption is not favoured 28 . This pattern is similar to what has been seen for other adsorbent systems [28][29][30] .…”
Section: Effect Of Ph On Adsorption Of Ddvp From Simulated Solutionsupporting
Background and Objective: In the aquatic environment, pesticides are the most studied class of organic toxins but their management has received little attention. The efficacy of activated carbon formed from sawdust as an adsorbent for pesticide removal from industrial wastewater was investigated as well as the effectiveness of conventional wastewater treatment processes for pesticide removal. It also compared the adsorbentʼs efficiency to activated carbon that is commercially available. Materials and Methods: The SEM-EDX, FTIR and the brunauer-emmett-teller (BET) analyzer were used to analyze sawdust-activated carbon (SAC) made from locally available sawdust. Batch adsorption experiment on simulated solutions of 2,2-Dichlorovinyl-dimethyl-phoshate (DDVP) at varied concentrations (0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg LG 1 ) using SAC. Other variables including pH, adsorbent dose and contact time were optimized. Results: The pH was 7.2±0.14, ash content was 3.1±0.00, moisture content was 2.0±0.32%, Brunner Emmett Teller surface area was 736±0.00 m 2 gG 1 , micropore volume was 0.3131±0.00 m 3 gG 1 and bulk density was 0.55±0.00, according to the SAC. In the untreated and company-treated wastewater samples, the percentage recoveries for DDVP were 86±0.71 and 88±1.41, respectively. In the adsorption of DDVP from industrial wastewater, the optimum parameters obtained during the simulation experiment were used. Sawdust activated carbon has higher adsorption efficiencies (89.06±0.014 and 88.62±0.962) than commercial activated carbon (80.94±2.744 and 77.50±0.410) for both untreated and company-treated wastewater, according to the findings. Conclusion: The sawdust-activated carbon can be used as a low-cost, high-performance and environment-friendly adsorbent when compared to commercial activated carbon for the removal of DDVP from wastewater.
“…e removal efficiency of trichloromethane was 53.64% at adsorbent dosage of 0.2 g, 71.35% at adsorbent dosage of 0.4 g, and 73.68% at adsorbent dosage of 0.8 g, while the removal efficiency of tribromomethane was 44.1% at adsorbent dosage of 0.2 g, 71.93% at adsorbent dosage of 0.4 g, and 76.80% at adsorbent dosage of 0.8 g. is shows that the efficiency of adsorption increases with increase in adsorbent dosage. is is because as adsorbent dose increases, free sorption surface and adsorption sites also increase, thereby adsorbing more trichloromethane and tribromomethane [31][32][33]. Adsorbent dose of 0.8 g gave the highest removal efficiency for this study.…”
Section: Effect Of Adsorbent Dosage On Adsorption Of Trichloromethanementioning
Trihalomethanes (THMs) are formed when excess chlorine during chlorination of water reacts with organic material in water. They have mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Moringa oleifera (MO) has found wide acceptance by many people in Nigeria who have used it for food for both humans and fauna, for health purposes, and as a coagulant for water treatment. However, the seed husks are currently discarded as waste and they have not been used as adsorbent to remove THMs from water. The physicochemical properties of both the treated and raw surface water were determined using standard methods, and the concentration of THMs was determined from the water treatment plant at different stages of treatment using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Recovery experiments were carried out to validate the procedure. The efficiencies of activated carbon of Moringa oleifera seed husk (MOSH) adsorbent for the removal of THMs in the water and as a coagulant for water treatment were also assessed. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out, and different parameters such as pH (5, 7, and 9), adsorbent dosage (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g), contact time (30, 60, and 90 minutes), and initial concentration (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/l) were optimized for the removal of trichloromethane and tribromomethane using the MOSH activated carbon. Experimental adsorption data from different initial concentrations of trichloromethane and tribromomethane were used to test conformity with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The percentage recovery from our procedures ranged from 96.0 ± 1.41 to 100.0 ± 0.00 for trichloromethane while for tribromomethane the range was 60 ± 2.82 to 100.0 ± 0.00. The mean percentage adsorption efficiencies for the simulation experiment ranged from 34.365 ± 1.41 to 93.135 ± 0.57 and from 41.870 ± 0.27 to 94.655 ± 0.41 for trichloromethane and tribromomethane, respectively. The optimum conditions for both trichloromethane and tribromomethane were pH 9, 0.8 g adsorbent dosage, 60-minute contact time, and 0.6 mg/l initial concentration. The optimum values of these parameters used for the adsorption of the two THMs in the surface water serving the treatment plant gave an efficiency of 100.00 ± 0.00%. The turbidity values for the coagulation experiment reduced from 9.76 ± 0.03 NTU in the raw water before coagulation to 5.92 ± 0.13 NTU after coagulation while all other physicochemical parameters of the surface water decreased in value except conductivity and total dissolved solid which increased from 104.5 ± 3.54 to 108.0 ± 2.83 μS/cm and 63.00 ± 11.31 to 83.0 ± 8.49 mg/l, respectively. The experimental data best fit into Langmuir than Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The study concluded that MOSH activated carbon could serve as an adsorbent for the removal of THMs, calcium, and sulphur from water samples.
“…It has the advantages of loose and porous features, a large specific surface area and high surface energy, which can greatly improve the removal efficiency ( Ding et al, 2017 ). It is one of the adsorbents for pesticide removal ( Baharum et al, 2020 ; Okoya et al, 2020 ). In addition, it can effectively remove organic pollutants in water, such as dyes and drug compounds ( Tran et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2020 ).…”
Section: Abiotic Degradation Of Diazinonmentioning
Diazinon is an organophosphorus pesticide widely used to control cabbage insects, cotton aphids and underground pests. The continuous application of diazinon in agricultural activities has caused both ecological risk and biological hazards in the environment. Diazinon can be degraded via physical and chemical methods such as photocatalysis, adsorption and advanced oxidation. The microbial degradation of diazinon is found to be more effective than physicochemical methods for its complete clean-up from contaminated soil and water environments. The microbial strains belonging to Ochrobactrum sp., Stenotrophomonas sp., Lactobacillus brevis, Serratia marcescens, Aspergillus niger, Rhodotorula glutinis, and Rhodotorula rubra were found to be very promising for the ecofriendly removal of diazinon. The degradation pathways of diazinon and the fate of several metabolites were investigated. In addition, a variety of diazinon-degrading enzymes, such as hydrolase, acid phosphatase, laccase, cytochrome P450, and flavin monooxygenase were also discovered to play a crucial role in the biodegradation of diazinon. However, many unanswered questions still exist regarding the environmental fate and degradation mechanisms of this pesticide. The catalytic mechanisms responsible for enzymatic degradation remain unexplained, and ecotechnological techniques need to be applied to gain a comprehensive understanding of these issues. Hence, this review article provides in-depth information about the impact and toxicity of diazinon in living systems and discusses the developed ecotechnological remedial methods used for the effective biodegradation of diazinon in a contaminated environment.
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