Comparative Assessment of the Accuracy of Cytological and Histologic Biopsies in the Diagnosis of Canine Bone Lesions

Sabattini, Silvia; Renzi, Andrea; Buracco, Paolo; Defourny, Sabrina Vanessa Patrizia; Garnier-Moiroux, M.; Capitani, Ombretta; Bettini, Giuliano

doi:10.1111/jvim.14696

Cited by 36 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Features typical of OSA cells are spindle-shape, presence of large nuclei, single or multiple prominent nucleoli, cytoplasmic vacuoles, cytoplasmic projections, and indistinct cytoplasmic borders (35). Slides were air dried, stained with Wright stain, and reviewed for cytomorphologic characteristics.…”

Section: Cytomorphology and Immunofluorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Cytometric Detection of Circulating Osteosarcoma Cells in Dogs

et al. 2019

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Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a malignant tumor of middle-aged dogs and adolescent humans. The clinical outcome of OSA has not improved over more than three decades, and dogs typically succumb to metastatic disease within 6 months despite tumor resection through limb amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, undetectable tumor cells with potential to form metastases are present at diagnosis. An assay to identify canine immortalized and primary OSA cells through flow cytometric detection of intracellular collagen 1 (Col I) and osteocalcin was optimized, and applied to blood samples from tumorbearing dogs for detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Spiking variable number of OSA cells into normal dog blood recovered 50-60% of Col I positive cells with high forward and variable side light scatter. An algorithm to exclude nonviable, doublet, and autofluorescent cells was applied to sequential blood samples from three dogs obtained prior to and after limb amputation, and at approximately, triweekly intervals over 121, 142, and 183 days of chemotherapy, respectively. Dogs had >100 CTC/10 6 leukocytes prior to amputation, variably frequent CTC during chemotherapy, and an increase up to 4,000 CTC/10 6 leukocytes within 4 weeks before overt metastases or death. Sorted CTCs were morphologically similar to direct tumor aspirates and positive for Col I. Although preliminary, findings suggest that CTCs are frequent in canine OSA, more numerous than carcinoma CTC in humans, and that an increase in CTC frequency may herald clinical deterioration. This assay may enable enumeration and isolation of OSA CTC for prognostic and functional studies, respectively. OSTEOSARCOMA (OSA) is a primary bone cancer that is common in middle-aged to older, large breed dogs, and less common in humans, where children and young adults are most often affected. Therapy consisting of limb amputation or limbsparing tumor resection followed by chemotherapy (typically platinum or doxorubicin-based) is the gold standard, but the clinical outcome of OSA in dogs and humans remains poor (1-3). Dogs with OSA of the appendicular skeleton treated with amputation and chemotherapy had median survival times (STs) of 235-540 days (4), while in humans 5-year survival has been stagnant at about 60% (5). Although the median ST is relatively homogeneous, the range of ST in dogs with OSA treated identically varies from 2 to >30 months, illustrating that there is extensive heterogeneity in tumor biology and/or host response (6-8). Metastatic disease is the usual cause of spontaneous death or euthanasia, but fewer than 10% of dogs have radiographic evidence of metastasis at the time of diagnosis (2).Computed tomography also lacks sensitivity for identifying metastases, and histologic grading schemes for canine OSA poorly predict biological behavior (9-11).

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Section: Cytomorphology and Immunofluorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Cytometric Detection of Circulating Osteosarcoma Cells in Dogs

et al. 2019

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“…In the latter comparison, cases that received cytologic interpretations of inflammation or nonneoplastic proliferations were more likely to be diagnosed as neoplasia on histopathology . A more recent study found cytology to have a diagnostic accuracy of 83% in being able to discriminate between benign and malignant bone lesions, and no benign lesions were diagnosed as being malignant by cytologic interpretation . In both studies, the misdiagnosis was most commonly associated with low cellularity or poor quality of cytologic specimens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Multiloculated solitary (unicameral) bone cyst in a young dog

Roode

Shive

Hoorntje

et al. 2018

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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A 20-month-old female spayed Staffordshire Terrier (22.3 kg) presented to the Orthopedic Surgery Service at North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for evaluation of a 6-week history of toe-touching to nonweight-bearing lameness in the right hind limb. Radiographs of the right stifle revealed a multiloculated lytic lesion of the distal femur, with a large open lytic zone centrally, numerous osseous septations peripherally, and focal areas of cortical thinning and loss. An aspirate of the right distal femoral lesion yielded mildly cloudy serosanguineous fluid. Cytologic examination of the fluid revealed a pleomorphic population of discrete cells that exhibited marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis and a variable nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N:C) ratio, which were interpreted as probable neoplastic cells, with few macrophages, and evidence of hemorrhage. Given the clinical signs of pain, lesion size, and concern for malignant neoplasia, amputation of the right hind limb was performed. Histologically, the lesion had undulating walls 1-3 mm thick with a continuous outer layer of dense fibrous tissue and an inner layer composed of reactive cancellous bone with no cortical compacta remaining. Remnants of thin fibrous or fibro-osseous septa projected from the bony wall into the cyst lumen. The final histologic diagnosis was a benign multiloculated solitary (unicameral) bone cyst of the distal right femur. Based on the histopathologic findings, it was speculated that the cells identified on cytology were a mixture of developing osteoclasts, osteoblasts, endothelial, and stromal cells. This is the first report describing the cytologic examination of a solitary bone cyst in veterinary medicine.

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“…These are: Chen at. Al [2][3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The animals described in this review, the animals were middle aged to elderly and medium to large size, except for one case of a Maltese dog reported by Teixeira et al [18].…”

Section: Incidence Of Osteosarcoma In Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When comparing these exams, Sabattini et al [4] did not consider their results completely satisfactory, since they observed 1 false positive and 8 false negative in the cytopathological examination against no false positive and 5 false negative on the histopathological examination. Nonetheless, these authors acknowledge that cytopathological examination results may be more reliable if the technique is improved.…”

Section: Cytopathological and Histopathological Approach In The Diagnmentioning

confidence: 99%