Comparative assessment of sodium selenite, selenised yeast and nanosized elemental selenium on performance response, immunity and antioxidative function of broiler chickens

Abstract

Although selenium (Se) supplementation is a common practice in poultry, the best source and level has not been established yet. Thus, a 42-day experiment involving diets with three levels (0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/kg) of supplemental Se from sodium selenite (SS), selenised yeast (SY) and nanoelemental Se (SN) was conducted to evaluate the possible differential responses of broiler chickens to inorganic, organic and nano Se sources relative to a control diet. Throughout the experiment, broilers receiving Se supplements had higher feed intake, body weight gain (BWG) and survival rate than the control. Broilers fed dietary SY or SN had improved BWG compared with those fed the SS-supplemented diets. Broilers treated with Se supplementation had increased serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activities and produced higher antibody responses to avian influenza virus (AIV) and sheep red blood cell (SRBC) versus the control. These effects were enhanced with increasing Se addition, except for GPx that responded equally to all supplemental Se levels. Also, broilers receiving supplementary SY or SN exhibited higher anti-AIV and anti-SRBC titres along with more elevated serum Se, TrxR activity and total antioxidant capacity compared with those receiving SS. At the same time, SN had the most increasing effect on anti-SRBC titre. To conclude, diet supplementation with 0.5 mg/kg of Se in the form of SY or SN was capable of meeting the Se demands of broiler chickens for optimum growth and antioxidant capability, while SN seemed to be the most effective Se source in enhancing immunity. HIGHLIGHTS Diet supplementation with SN and SY, especially at 0.5 mg/kg diet, improved broiler performance and carcase quality of chickens compared with SS. SY and SN showed more favourable effects on oxidative status and immunocompetence. The best anti-SRBC titre was observed with SN.

Selenium nanoparticles are more efficient than sodium selenite in reducing the toxicity of aflatoxin B1 in Japanese quail

“…These results confirm the researches in broiler chickens that found the positive effects of SS in increasing feed intake and body weight (Attia et al., 2010 ; Jakhar et al., 2001 ) and improving the protein‐synthesizing ability of the body (Sun et al., 2016 ). Our results also agree with the findings of other researchers who observed no difference between the effects of SeNPs and SS on broiler chicken performance (Boostani et al., 2015 ; Wang, 2009 ), although there are also findings on better effects of SeNPs on growth and feed conversion efficiency in broiler chickens and quails (Divya et al., 2019 ; Pardechi et al., 2020 ). However, these results are not directly comparable due to differences in treatment patterns.…”

“…Talebi et al (2017) also showed that the use of 0.3 mg/kg of Se as SeNPs was more efficient in comparison with the same amount of organic Se in inhibiting the destructive effects of AFB 1 on antibody titers against NDV and SRBC. Pardechi et al (2020) showed that enhancing the antibody response against SRBC requires higher Se than AIV and the use of more available sources such as SeNPs is more suitable to achieve this goal. However, in their study, Se supplementation did not affect the NDV titer.…”

“…According to Nabi et al (2020), SeNPs can enter the body more quickly and have better mobility inside the body than SS. Additionally, SeNPs appear to be less toxic than SS while possessing a higher or equal efficiency in the saturation of the Se stores and upregulation of selenoenzymes (Mohapatra et al, 2014;Pardechi et al, 2020). However, information on performance and antioxidant status in aflatoxin-exposed quails fed SeNPs is still limited.…”

Effects of Sub-Lethal Doses of Selenium Nanoparticles on the Health Status of Rats

“…In our previous study, we proved a positive effect of SeNPs on the antioxidant status of rats [16][17][18] and ejaculate quality of boars [19][20][21]. The conclusive effect of SeNPs has been proven by similar studies [22][23][24][25].…”

The influence of selenium additives in compound feed on the chemical composition, energy and biological value of ducklings meat

“…Analysis of available literature sources shows that there are too few published data on the optimal rates of selenium introduction in compound feed for ducklings raised for meat and they are contradictory. However, it is well known that the minimum selenium requirement for all poultry species is 0.10 mg/kg of feed (Pardechi et al, 2020).…”