Comparative Assessment of Passive Islanding Detection Techniques for Distributed Generations

Real-time Detection of Microgrid Islanding Considering Sources of Uncertainty Using Type-2 Fuzzy Logic and PSO Algorithm

“…Identifying the islanding status is an important issue in microgrids connection, which has been the subject of research in recent years. Necessary conditions for becoming an island in microgrids have been published in a number of standards, such as IEEE-1574 [1] and IEC-62116 [2]. The methods of identifying islanding are generally divided into two categories: "remote" and "local" detection methods .…”

“…Local detection methods can be categorized into passive, active, hybrid, and intelligent methods, which operate by measuring SG parameters, such as voltage, current, frequency, and harmonic distortion on the microgrid side [5]. Passive methods include under/overvoltage relays (UVR/OVR), under/over-frequency relays (UFR/OFR) [5], rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) [6], methods based on rate of change of active power (ROCOAP) and rate of change of reactive power (ROCORP) [7], a technique based on two criteria of transient index value (TIV) and positive sequence of current angle at common connection point [8], detection methods using signal processing techniques [9], methods based on unbalance voltage (UV) [2], methods based on total harmonic distortion (THD) [10], and methods based on differential transient rate of change of frequency (DTROCOF) [11].…”