Comparative Assessment of Methods for Producing Cellulose I Nanocrystals from Cellulosic Sources

Mao, Jia; Abushammala, Hatem; Brown, Nicole R.; Laborie, Marie Pierre

doi:10.1021/bk-2017-1251.ch002

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…A typical approach starts with alkali and bleaching pretreatments followed by acid hydrolysis. It was reported that Calvert was the first author who performed the hydrolysis of cellulose in 1855 (Mao et al, 2017). Few decades later, in 1951, Rånby has successfully prepared stable colloidal suspensions of cellulose using H 2 SO 4 (Nascimento et al, 2018).…”

Section: Isolation Methods Of Cellulose Nanocrystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocellulose: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications

et al. 2020

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Over the past few years, nanocellulose (NC), cellulose in the form of nanostructures, has been proved to be one of the most prominent green materials of modern times. NC materials have gained growing interests owing to their attractive and excellent characteristics such as abundance, high aspect ratio, better mechanical properties, renewability, and biocompatibility. The abundant hydroxyl functional groups allow a wide range of functionalizations via chemical reactions, leading to developing various materials with tunable features. In this review, recent advances in the preparation, modification, and emerging application of nanocellulose, especially cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), are described and discussed based on the analysis of the latest investigations (particularly for the reports of the past 3 years). We start with a concise background of cellulose, its structural organization as well as the nomenclature of cellulose nanomaterials for beginners in this field. Then, different experimental procedures for the production of nanocelluloses, their properties, and functionalization approaches were elaborated. Furthermore, a number of recent and emerging uses of nanocellulose in nanocomposites, Pickering emulsifiers, wood adhesives, wastewater treatment, as well as in new evolving biomedical applications are presented. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of NC-based emerging materials are discussed.

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Section: Isolation Methods Of Cellulose Nanocrystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocellulose: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications

et al. 2020

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“…Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), a form of nanocellulose, are rod-like nanoparticles with a thickness of 3-10 nm and a length of a few hundred nanometers [1]. They can be extracted from cellulose and wood using a variety of chemicals and techniques [2][3][4]. CNCs have inherited many of the properties of cellulose such as mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and hydrophilicity [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-Brushes of Alcohols Grafted onto Cellulose Nanocrystals for Reinforcing Poly(Butylene Succinate): Impact of Alcohol Chain Length on Interfacial Adhesion

Abushammala

2020

Polymers

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Despite the many interesting properties of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), their hydrophilicity is one of the main challenges for their processing with hydrophobic polymers and matrices. To overcome this challenge, this paper describes the preparation of brush-like CNCs with tailored surface properties by grafting alcohols of different chain lengths onto their surfaces. Ethanol, 1-butanol, 1-hexanol, and 1-octanol were grafted on the CNC surface using 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) as a linker. The CNCs were characterized for their structural, morphological, surface, and thermal properties. Because of the grafting, the water contact angle of the CNCs significantly increased from 32° to up to 120°, which was dependent on the chain length of the grafted alcohol. The thermal stability of the CNCs was also improved, mainly as a result of the reaction of TDI with the CNC hydroxyl groups. Later, the CNCs were used to reinforce films of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), which were then characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). An increase of up to two-fold in the storage modulus was observed using DMA, which was dependent on the chain length of the grafted alcohol. However, no change in the glass transition temperature or degradation temperature of PBS was detected. This approach is proved efficient for tailoring the surface properties of CNCs towards excellent interfacial adhesion in their composites.

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“…The most common hydrolysis method used to produce CNC relies on sulfuric acid, which can react with the surface hydroxyl groups of pristine cellulose through an esterification process, allowing the grafting of anionic ester groups [77,87]. This latter generates a negative electrostatic layer that covers nanocrystals, promoting the dispersion of CNC in water but reducing their thermal stability.…”

Section: Extraction and Properties Of Cncmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose Nanocrystals/Graphene Hybrids—A Promising New Class of Materials for Advanced Applications

2020

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With the growth of global fossil-based resource consumption and the environmental concern, there is an urgent need to develop sustainable and environmentally friendly materials, which exhibit promising properties and could maintain an acceptable level of performance to substitute the petroleum-based ones. As elite nanomaterials, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) derived from natural renewable resources, exhibit excellent physicochemical properties, biodegradability and biocompatibility and have attracted tremendous interest nowadays. Their combination with other nanomaterials such as graphene-based materials (GNM) has been revealed to be useful and generated new hybrid materials with fascinating physicochemical characteristics and performances. In this context, the review presented herein describes the quickly growing field of a new emerging generation of CNC/GNM hybrids, with a focus on strategies for their preparation and most relevant achievements. These hybrids showed great promise in a wide range of applications such as separation, energy storage, electronic, optic, biomedical, catalysis and food packaging. Some basic concepts and general background on the preparation of CNC and GNM as well as their key features are provided ahead.

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Comparative Assessment of Methods for Producing Cellulose I Nanocrystals from Cellulosic Sources

Cited by 22 publications

References 126 publications

Nanocellulose: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications

Nanocellulose: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications

Nano-Brushes of Alcohols Grafted onto Cellulose Nanocrystals for Reinforcing Poly(Butylene Succinate): Impact of Alcohol Chain Length on Interfacial Adhesion

Cellulose Nanocrystals/Graphene Hybrids—A Promising New Class of Materials for Advanced Applications

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