Comparative Assessment of Different Sensing Technologies for Mapping the Vineyard

Abstract

The aim of this study is the evaluation of proximal surveying and remote surveying technologies for monitoring and to highlight the variability within vineyards.The devices used measure the electromagnetic energy (emitted, reflected or transmitted) of leaf surface subjected to different wavelengths (spectral signature).The proximal data were detected using the ACS 210 sensor-provided LED, Light Emitting Diode (an internal light active source), which emits an active pulsed light in red and near-IR bands, obtaining in real time the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) from reflectance values.A mobile laboratory was prepared and transported by 4x4 quad-vehicles, equipped with GPS system, sensor for measuring the reflectance of the canopy in real-time, ultrasonic sensor for the canopy thickness map, and an infrared sensor to measure temperature.Furthermore, we developed a special software and hardware to implement and acquire data in continuum.The remote data were taken using DFR (Duncan -Flir -Riegl) sensors that acquire data in visible, near-IR and thermal bands. The system consisted of a GPS unit, GPS/INS unit, laser altimeter, thermal infrared camera, and a multispectral camera. These apparatus are combined in a single system of acquisition, flexible and configurable by the user. System management software was developed, which allows the acquisition by each sensor and the storage of position and altitude of the aircraft associated with the captured images, besides all the other accessory parameters. Synchronization between GPS and cameras is handled by TTL trigger signals.The NDVI generated from spectral bands provides information about vine biomass and plant vigor, however, is not unique item for vineyard evaluation.This work was conducted simultaneously in three experimental vineyards selected in the Chianti Classico DOCG area, on which multispectral data were detected by two methods and compared results obtained; cultivar (Sangiovese), soil and canopy management is the same in all vineyards. The data acquired by both monitoring system twice during the summer of 2011 for determining NDVI values.2

Design and testing of a low cost micro-volume sprayer for bait spraying

“…That brings to the needing to use of micro volume sprayers. Among technological innovations for spraying there are many solutions which range in terms of manageable operations, complexity level and consequently, the required investments to implement them [29], [21], [22]. Recent projects such as the European RHEA (http://www.rhea-project.eu/), have highlighted the benefits achievable by variable rate spraying [23], [24].…”

Extracción de Características en Viñedos Mediante Algoritmos de Clasificación Difusa y Técnicas de Inteligencia Artificial

“…Este método permite cubrir grandes extensiones en breves periodos de tiempo, pero por otra parte tiene un elevado costo de adquisición (Meunkaewjinda et al, 2008) En efecto, el estado de vigor de las plantas puede ser determinado directamente a partir del color de las hojas, ya que ciertos tonos de verde se asocian a estados fotosintéticamente activos (Merzlyak et al, 1999), mientras que coloraciones amarillas o marrones corresponden a deficiencias de nitrógeno o de agua, amén del estado de senescencia natural de las hojas (Bjurström & Svensson, 2002 (Fernández et al, 2013;Rodríguez-Pérez et al, 2007). Estas imágenes generalmente son obtenidas desde satélites o vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAV, siglas en inglés de unmanned aerial vehicles) (Proffitt, 2015), y en contadas ocasiones en terreno (Goutouly et al, 2006;Storchi et al, 2013).…”