Comparative assessment of behaviorally derived personality structures in golden-handed tamarins (Saguinus midas), cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), and common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).

Masilkova, Michaela; Weiss, Alexander; Šlipogor, Vedrana; Konečná, Martina

doi:10.1037/com0000226

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(178 reference statements)

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“…The resulting personality dimensions were broadly comparable to the personality dimensions previously described in common marmosets using the same [62] as well as different methods of personality evaluation such as trait rating [48,58,62,82,83] and experimental coding [60,63,64]. The personality structure was also comparable but not completely identical to the structure reported in our previous study based on the same method of personality assessment and a subset of individuals ( N = 17) [59]. Therefore, the observed individual behavioural variation reflected well the existing personality variation in this species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Age, but not hand preference, is related to personality traits in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

et al. 2022

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The proximate mechanisms underlying animal personalities, i.e. consistent inter-individual differences in behaviour, are a matter of discussion. Brain lateralization, expressed as the preferred use of the contralateral limb, has been suggested as one of these mechanisms. In this study, we measured a proxy of brain lateralization in captive common marmosets ( N = 28) by testing hand preference in a simple food-reaching task and evaluated personality by coding a wide range of behaviours observed in daily situations. We explored the links between personality and both direction and strength of hand preference, as well as age and sex, using linear models. Principal component analysis revealed that the stable behavioural variables were organized in three personality dimensions: Agreeableness, Extraversion and Neuroticism. Regarding hand preference, 14 individuals were left-handed, seven were right-handed and seven were ambilateral. Contrary to our predictions, we did not find any relationship between personality scores and hand preference or sex. Instead, age was a significant predictor of personality scores, with older individuals being more agreeable and less extraverted. The link between brain lateralization and personality seems to be equivocal and dependent on personality and brain lateralization assessment methods. Further examinations of other proximate mechanisms, such as physiology or (epi)genetics, may elucidate what drives personality variation in common marmosets.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Age, but not hand preference, is related to personality traits in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

et al. 2022

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“…Like studies of other nonhuman primate taxa, including Macaca [ 24 ], Pan [ 25 ], Saimiri [ 26 ], Sapajus and Cebus [ 27 – 29 ], and other Callitrichids [ 30 ], studies of common marmosets [ 13 , 17 , 31 , 32 ] have yielded findings consistent with the notion that a species’ socioecology influences that species’ personality structure [see 33 for a discussion ]. These studies of common marmosets, despite differences in the origins and housing of subjects, reveal a set of overlapping personality domains ( Table 1 ): all five revealed domains related to sociability [ 13 , 17 , 31 , 32 ]; four revealed domains related to aggressiveness and competitive prowess [ 13 , 17 , 31 , 32 ]; three revealed domains related to anxiety and vigilance [ 13 , 17 , 32 ]; two revealed domains related to exploratory tendencies [ 17 , 31 ]; and two revealed domains related to self-control [ 17 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Personality, subjective well-being, and the serotonin 1a receptor gene in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

et al. 2021

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Studies of personality traits in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) indicate that there are five or six constructs—Sociability, Dominance, Neuroticism, Openness, and two related to Conscientiousness. The present study attempted to determine whether our earlier study of laboratory-housed individuals only yielded three—Dominance, Sociability, and Neuroticism—because of a low amount of between-subjects variance. To do so, we increased our sample size from 77 to 128. In addition, we ascertained the reliability and validity of ratings and whether polymorphisms related to the serotonin 1a receptor were associated with personality. We found Sociability, Dominance, and Negative Affect factors that resembled three domains found in previous studies, including ours. We also found an Openness and Impulsiveness factor, the latter of which bore some resemblance to Conscientiousness, and two higher-order factors, Pro-sociality and Boldness. In further analyses, we could not exclude the possibility that Pro-sociality and Boldness represented a higher-level of personality organization. Correlations between personality factors and well-being were consistent with the definitions of the factors. There were no significant associations between personality and genotype. These results suggest that common marmoset personality structure varies as a function of rearing or housing variables that have not yet been investigated systematically.

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“…Common marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus ) are highly social cooperatively breeding New World primates that live in cohesive family groups in a variety of different habitats, from the Atlantic rain forest to the semiarid area of shrub forests (Garber et al, 2019) and have been studied in a variety of socio‐cognitive questions (Schiel & Souto, 2017). In recent years, these monkeys have become the focus of personality studies under lab conditions: they display consistent interindividual differences when assessed in a battery of experiments (Díaz et al, 2020; Koski & Burkart, 2015; Šlipogor et al, 2016; Tomassetti et al, 2019), observations (Martin et al, 2019; Masilkova et al, 2020; Šlipogor et al, 2020), questionnaires (Inoue‐Murayama et al, 2018; Koski et al, 2017; Weiss et al, 2020), and by using a combination of several different personality assessment methods (Iwanicki & Lehmann, 2015; Šlipogor et al, 2020). However, little is known about long‐term consistency of their personality structure, and no study to this date assessed the personality of wild common marmoset populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal consistency and ecological validity of personality structure in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus): A unifying field and laboratory approach

Šlipogor

Massen

Schiel

et al. 2021

American J Primatol

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Personality in animals has been extensively researched in recent decades. Temporal consistency of behaviors is almost always part of the personality definition and is usually explored in several different testing sessions or observation periods. However, it is still unclear whether the obtained personality constructs are stable across several years, which might be especially important for long-living animals, such as primates. Further, little is known on whether the personality structures obtained in the laboratory reflect the structures obtained under ecologically relevant conditions in the wild. Therefore, we conducted a battery of personality tests on common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) (N = 27), compared it with a test battery conducted 4 years beforehand on a subset of animals in captivity (N = 13) and ran an adapted version under field conditions at Baracuhy Biological Field Station, Brazil (N = 18). Under captive conditions, we found a remarkably similar personality structure across 4 testing years. Further, we found high long-term temporal consistency in the first two personality components, Boldness and Exploration; however, monkeys that changed their social (i.e., breeding) status between the two testing periods showed a significant increase in Boldness scores. Under field conditions, we found a somewhat similar personality structure as compared to the laboratory, which to some extent corroborates ecological validity of our personality test design. Nevertheless, whether the structure in the wild is suppressed or expanded in comparison to captivity, and in which way the social setting influences personality structure, should be further explored. Taken together, our results contribute to the discussion about the reliability and ecological validity of personality structures in nonhuman primates.

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Comparative assessment of behaviorally derived personality structures in golden-handed tamarins (Saguinus midas), cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), and common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).

Abstract: Comparative assessment of behaviorally-derived personality structures in golden-handed tamarins (Saguinus midas), cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), and common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus

Cited by 14 publications

References 86 publications

Age, but not hand preference, is related to personality traits in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Age, but not hand preference, is related to personality traits in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Personality, subjective well-being, and the serotonin 1a receptor gene in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Temporal consistency and ecological validity of personality structure in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus): A unifying field and laboratory approach

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