Comparative assessment of amino acids composition in two types of marine fish silage

Abstract

Fish silage is a brown liquefied product achieved by the action of enzymes when finely grounded whole/parts of either single or mixed fish types are subjected to acidification. This study made a comparative assessment of biochemical and nutritive properties, especially the amino acid composition in supernatant phase of formic acid silages prepared from two fish types, Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) and false travely (Lactarius lactarius) representing fat fish (FF, fat content > 5%) and lean fish (LF, fat content < 5%), respectively during 35 days of fermentation (DoF). Significantly higher content of total amino acid (TAA) and free amino acids (FAA) were recorded in FFS (TAA, 41.2 ± 0.03 mg/g; FAA, 31.3 ± 0.003 mg/g) compared to LFS (TAA, 35.8 ± 0.07 mg/g; FAA, 18.26 ± 0.003 mg/g; FAA, 31.3 ± 0.003 mg/g) (p < 0.05). At the end of 35 DoF, the concentrations of amino acids such as asparagine, histidine, isoleucine, valine, cysteine, serine, lysine and arginine were significantly higher in FFS as compared to LFS. The relative amino acid composition of FFS and LFS varied in accordance with DoF and the relationship was found to be highly significant (ANOVA, p < 0.00001). High concentrations of l-amino acids such as leucine, glutamic acid and arginine were recorded in both FFS and LFS. In conclusion, the analysis suggested that a fermentation period of 25–30 days showed a significant effect on the composition of amino acids in both types of ensilage compared to other fermentation periods (p < 0.05). Considering the role of amino acids in enhancing the plant growth and proliferation, the findings of the present study are quite useful.

Assessing the changes in protein content during the ensilage of the Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) by biological method

“…Because mackerel is a fat sh with ascertainable fat content [7,43], TL was reported higher in the silage under study. The trend in increasing lipid concentrations during liquefaction of sh waste, followed by a drop in lipid concentration on the 8 DoF could be related to lipid oxidation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids [7]. Content and pro les of total amino acids (TAA)…”

“…Since the silage under the present study contained high levels of amino acid histidine, its supplementation in animal feed will be advantageous over other sources of amino acids such as synthetic amino acids. In addition to histidine, levels of arginine were also abundant in the biological sh silage In plant biology, arginine serves as nitrogen storage and transporter, as well as a stimulator of phytohormones that promotes the owering and fruiting of plants [7,59]. Hence, silage rich in amino acids if supplemented as nutrients to plants will be convenient for their excellent growth and maintenance.…”

Assessing the Changes in Protein Content During the Ensilage of the Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) by Biological Method

“…Since such kinds of waste if not handled aptly, get spoiled, thus contributing to environmental contamination [3,4,6]. This, in turn, leads to eutrophication in water bodies leading to depletion of oxygen availability in waters [6][7][8][9][10]. Fish waste is considered an important alternative source of essential amino acids, minerals (phosphorous and potassium), and fatty acids [5,7,11,12].…”

“…This, in turn, leads to eutrophication in water bodies leading to depletion of oxygen availability in waters [6][7][8][9][10]. Fish waste is considered an important alternative source of essential amino acids, minerals (phosphorous and potassium), and fatty acids [5,7,11,12]. Hence, there is a serious need that this waste must be treated properly using various means to dispose it safely or produce by-products such as proteins, collagen, proteases, and other metabolites [5,7,13].…”

“…Fish waste is considered an important alternative source of essential amino acids, minerals (phosphorous and potassium), and fatty acids [5,7,11,12]. Hence, there is a serious need that this waste must be treated properly using various means to dispose it safely or produce by-products such as proteins, collagen, proteases, and other metabolites [5,7,13]. The best way of managing and utilizing shery waste is to valorize it in the form of sh silage [3,4,14,15].…”