Comparative anticancer and antimicrobial activity of aerial parts of Acacia salicina, Acacia laeta, Acacia hamulosa and Acacia tortilis grown in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The standardized ethanol extract (EE) of aerial parts of four species [ (ASEE), (ALEE), (AHEE), and (ATEE)] were examined in order to compare their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. All the extracts were standardized by UPLC- PDA method using rutin as standard compound. The extracts ALEE, AHEE and ATEE were found to contain rutin along with several other phytoconstituents while rutin was absent in ASEE. All the extracts showed varying level of antimicrobial activity with zone of inhibition ranged from 11 to 21 mm against, , and . The ALEE and ATEE showed relatively high antimicrobial potency (MIC = 0.2 to 1.6 mg mL) in comparison to other extracts. All the extracts were found to reduce the biofilm of PAO1 strain significantly in comparison to the untreated control. The cytotoxic property of ASEE, ALEE, AHEE, ATEE were evaluated against HepG2 (Liver), HEK-293 (Kidney), MCF-7 (Breast) and MDA-MB 231 (Breast) cancer cells. Of these, ALEE, AHEE and ATEE exhibited moderate cytotoxic property against human liver carcinoma cells (HepG2; IC50 = 46.2, 39.2 and 42.3 μg mL, respectively) and breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7; IC50 = 57.2, 55.3 and 65.7 μg mL, respectively). The ATEE and ALEE showed moderate cytotoxicity against HEK-293 (kidney) cells with IC50 = 49.1 and 53.5 μg mL, respectively. Since, species ( and ) contains numerous polyphenols which might prove to be highly cytotoxic and antimicrobial agents, we suggest that these species can be further subjected to the isolation of more cytotoxic and antimicrobial compounds.

Phenolic profiling, biological activities and in silico studies of Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne ssp. raddiana extracts

“…Previous reports discussed the cytotoxic potential of many Acacia species indicating that the plants of this genus have potential against a range of tumor cell lines (Rather et al, 2015;Sakthivel & Guruvayoorappan, 2013). A study (Alajmi et al, 2017) showed that the ethanolic extract of A. tortilis aerial part, from Saudi Arabia, had cytotoxic activity against HepG2 (GI 50 = 42.3 μg/mL), MCF-7 (GI 50 = 65.7 μg/mL) and kidney carcinoma cells (HEK-293, GI 50 = 49.1 μg/mL), which was consistent with the current results. According to the same study, A. laeta and A. hamulosa ethanolic extracts also presented similar levels of inhibition of tumor cell growth.…”

“…the antibiotics do not share a common mode of action. A. tortilis ethanolic extract (70%) from Saudi Arabia, containing rutin as the major phenolic compound, showed a high potency with MIC values in the range of 0.2-3.2 mg/mL against different pathogenic bacterial strains (Alajmi et al, 2017). Eldeen, Heerden, and Staden (2010), discussed the antimicrobial potential of A. nilotica subsp.…”

Antifungal Activity and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometric Characterization of Aqueous Extracts of Acacia senegal and Acacia tortilis on Phytopathogenic Fungi

“…senegal and A. tortilis may be attributed to the presence of numerous phytoconstituents such as polyphenols and flavonoid compounds which are reported to be abundantly present among Acacia species [16,[40][41][42].…”

Antioxidant and Biological Activities of Acacia saligna and Lawsonia inermis Natural Populations

“…Egyptian Acacia nilotica and Acacia seyal leaf extracts showed higher antioxidant activities than Acacia laeta extracts [ 19 ]. A study on the aerial parts of Acacia species (A. salicina , A. laeta , A. hamulosa , and A. tortilis) from an eastern region of Saudi Arabia (approximately 700–1000 km from the Riyadh region) revealed that A. laeta and A. hamulosa have cytotoxic activities against HepG2 and breast cancer cell line [ 20 ]. Other Acacia species flower extracts showed allelopathic effects against Hordeum murinum [ 21 ].…”