Comparative Antennal and Behavioral Responses of Summer and Winter Morph Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) to Ecologically Relevant Volatiles

Kirkpatrick, Danielle M; Leach, Heather; Xu, Peng; Dong, Ke; Isaacs, Rufus; Gut, Larry J.

doi:10.1093/ee/nvy046

Cited by 26 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Overwintered WM females were 78 days old (since adult emergence, after cold hardening and overwintering) and SM were 1 day old (since emergence) when they were paired with males and placed into diet/temperature treatments. Previous studies that describe physiological differences between WM and SM (Kirkpatrick et al, ; Wong, Wallingford, Loeb, & Lee, ) have not taken into account the effect of an overwintering period. Therefore, rather than exposing WM and SM to the exact same pre‐treatment conditions, our intention was to simulate what WM would encounter with increasing temperatures after overwintering as adults, and what SM emerging in late summer would experience with decreasing temperatures during autumn.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions among morphotype, nutrition, and temperature impact fitness of an invasive fly

Rendon

Walton

Tait

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Invasive animals depend on finding a balanced nutritional intake to colonize, survive, and reproduce in new environments. This can be especially challenging during situations of fluctuating cold temperatures and food scarcity, but phenotypic plasticity may offer an adaptive advantage during these periods. We examined how lifespan, fecundity, pre‐oviposition periods, and body nutrient contents were affected by dietary protein and carbohydrate (P:C) ratios at variable low temperatures in two morphs (winter morphs WM and summer morphs SM) of an invasive fly, Drosophila suzukii. The experimental conditions simulated early spring after overwintering and autumn, crucial periods for survival. At lower temperatures, post‐overwintering WM lived longer on carbohydrate‐only diets and had higher fecundity on low‐protein diets, but there was no difference in lifespan or fecundity among diets for SM. As temperatures increased, low‐protein diets resulted in higher fecundity without compromising lifespan, while high‐protein diets reduced lifespan and fecundity for both WM and SM. Both SM and WM receiving high‐protein diets had lower sugar, lipid, and glycogen (but similar protein) body contents compared to flies receiving low‐protein and carbohydrate‐only diets. This suggests that flies spend energy excreting excess dietary protein, thereby affecting lifespan and fecundity. Despite having to recover from nutrient depletion after an overwintering period, WM exhibited longer lifespan and higher fecundity than SM in favorable diets and temperatures. WM exposed to favorable low‐protein diet had higher body sugar, lipid, and protein body contents than SM, which is possibly linked to better performance. Although protein is essential for oogenesis, WM and SM flies receiving low‐protein diets did not have shorter pre‐oviposition periods compared to flies on carbohydrate‐only diets. Finding adequate carbohydrate sources to compensate protein intake is essential for the successful persistence of D. suzukii WM and SM populations during suboptimal temperatures.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions among morphotype, nutrition, and temperature impact fitness of an invasive fly

Rendon

Walton

Tait

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For D. suzukii, a decrease in photoperiod and temperature will produce 'winter' morphs, which have been described as larger in body size, wing size, and darker in pigmentation in comparison to summer morphs [25,27]. In laboratory settings, these environmental cues can be simulated to produce winter morphs for experimental purposes; for example, winter morphs can be generated by placing eggs and larvae produced by summer morphs at a constant temperature between 10-15˚C and a photoperiod between 10:14 (L:D) hours and 12:12 (L:D) hours [26][27][28][29].Winter morph D. suzukii are more cold-tolerant than summer morphs, which would allow flies to persist in temperate regions [26,29,30]. Researchers have documented D. suzukii seasonal population dynamics across different regions [12,[31][32][33][34] and in several crops over time [35][36][37].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric criteria to differentiate Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) seasonal morphs

2020

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Temperate insect species often enter diapause in preparation for overwintering. One such species is the invasive vinegar fly, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), which has seasonal polymorphisms, considered winter and summer morphs. To date, the morphs have been differentiated by color and size with winter morphs typically being darker and larger compared to summer morphs. 'Dark' and 'large' are subjective, however, and standardizing an identification process can ensure that the morph of interest is being accurately characterized. The goal of our research was to investigate a quantitative method to distinguish between D. suzukii morphs based on body and wing size. We reared winter and summer morph D. suzukii in the laboratory using standard procedures, and measured wing length, wing width, and hind tibia length. Additionally, we collected field D. suzukii to document the seasonal phenology of the morphs in Minnesota based on our model's cutoff criteria. A classification and regression tree analysis were used to determine which metrics would be best for predicting field-caught D. suzukii morphs. Using laboratory-reared flies as our known morphs for the training data in the classification model we developed classification trees based on wing length and the ratio of wing length to hind tibia length. The frequency of winter and summer morphs present in the field varied based on which classification tree was used. Nevertheless, we suggest ratio of wing length to hind tibia length as the most robust criteria for differentiating D. suzukii morphs because the ratio accounts for the size variability between laboratory-reared and field-caught flies and the error rate of misclassification is reduced to 0.01 for males. The results from this work can aid in future D. suzukii research by allowing scientists to objectively differentiate the morphs, and thereby improve our understanding of the biology and phenology of seasonal morph dynamics. OPEN ACCESSCitation: Tran AK, Hutchison WD, Asplen MK (2020) Morphometric criteria to differentiate Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) seasonal morphs. PLoS ONE 15(2): e0228780. ) through the Minnesota Environment and Natural Resource Trust Fund. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. in cooler temperatures by entering a diapause state [1]. Within the diapause state, reduced metabolism and biochemical alterations affect the insect's biology, behavior, and morphogenesis [1].One such diapausing species that exhibits this phenomenon is the vinegar fly, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), commonly known as spotted-wing drosophila. Native to east and southeast Asia, D. suzukii is an important economic pest of soft-skinned fruits (e.g., strawberries, raspberries, blueberries) and stone fruits (e.g. cherries, peach) [2][3][4][5][6]. Drosophila suzukii invaded the continental United States in 2008 and rapidly spread throughout the country [7], and has quickly become a global pest [2,8]. Given its recent global s...

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“…The summer morphs are produced throughout spring and summer, and these flies tend to have a higher reproductive output, and typically have access to a different range of fruits for oviposition [77,113,136]. Thus, the two morphs represent different physiological states and they also exhibit different behavioural responses to environmental and social stimuli [131,137]. Therefore, a push-pull strategy effective against one of the morphs may be less effective against the other morph.…”

Section: Context Dependence In D Suzukiimentioning

confidence: 99%

Context-Dependence and the Development of Push-Pull Approaches for Integrated Management of Drosophila suzukii

Alkema

Dicke

Wertheim

2019

Insects

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Sustainable pest control requires a systems approach, based on a thorough ecological understanding of an agro-ecosystem. Such fundamental understanding provides a basis for developing strategies to manipulate the pest’s behaviour, distribution, and population dynamics, to be employed for crop protection. This review focuses on the fundamental knowledge required for the development of an effective push-pull approach. Push-pull is a strategy to repel a pest from a crop, while attracting it toward an external location. It often relies on infochemicals (e.g., pheromones or allelochemicals) that are relevant in the ecology of the pest insect and can be exploited as lure or repellent. Importantly, responsiveness of insects to infochemicals is dependent on both the insect’s internal physiological state and external environmental conditions. This context-dependency reflects the integration of cues from different sensory modalities, the effect of mating and/or feeding status, as well as diurnal or seasonal rhythms. Furthermore, when the costs of responding to an infochemical outweigh the benefits, resistance can rapidly evolve. Here, we argue that profound knowledge on context-dependence is important for the development and implementation of push-pull approaches. We illustrate this by discussing the relevant fundamental knowledge on the invasive pest species Drosophila suzukii as an example.

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Comparative Antennal and Behavioral Responses of Summer and Winter Morph Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) to Ecologically Relevant Volatiles

Cited by 26 publications

References 43 publications

Interactions among morphotype, nutrition, and temperature impact fitness of an invasive fly

Interactions among morphotype, nutrition, and temperature impact fitness of an invasive fly

Morphometric criteria to differentiate Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) seasonal morphs

Context-Dependence and the Development of Push-Pull Approaches for Integrated Management of Drosophila suzukii

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