Comparative Animal Biochemistry

Urich, Klaus

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-06303-3

Cited by 100 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…The gland showed a very high capacity for de novo fatty acid synthesis, the rate of which showed seasonal variation Kolattukudy and Rogers, 1987;Urich, 1994;Stevens, 1996).…”

Section: The Chemical Composition Of the Gland Secretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and biochemical aspects of the avian uropygial gland

Salibián

Montalti

2009

Braz. J. Biol.

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This review discusses different aspects of the uropygial gland of birds. The gland exhibits a striking morphological diversity in size, shape and presence/absence of tufts of feathers. It was shown that acidic mucins, neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids are normal components of secretion. Several morphological and physiological aspects of the gland were studied on Rock Pigeon Columba livia Gmelin, 1879. The amount of the uropygial gland secretion, its lipid content and fatty acids profile were determined. The extracted lipid mixture contained of C14 to C20 fatty acids, mostly unsaturated; the saturated fatty acids were mainly 14:0, 16:0 and 18:0. No correlation was found between the size of the gland and the aquatic/terrestrial nature of the species. Ablation of the gland did not affect survival, body weight, feeding rate and serum cholesterol, total lipids or calcium levels after 32-120 days. The possible role of the gland in the protection against lipophilic compounds was discussed. The function of the gland is still a subject of controversy. It is accepted that its secretion confers water-repellent properties on the feather coat and maintain the suppleness of the feathers. Other physiological roles of the gland secretion may be associated to pheromone production, control of plumage hygiene, thermal insulation and defence against predators. Concerning the endocrine regulation of the uropygial function, there is scarce information presenting evidence for steroid regulated mechanisms.Keywords: Columba livia, preen gland, uropygial gland, uropygial physiology, chemistry of secretion. Aspectos fisiológicos e bioquímicos da glândula uropigial das aves ResumoEsta revisão discute diferentes aspectos da glândula uropigial das aves. A glândula exibe uma chamativa diversidade morfológica de tamanho, forma e presença/ausência de um tufo de penas. A glândula mostrou mucinas ácidas, lipídios neutros, glicolipídios e fosfolipídios como componentes normais de sua secreção. Diversos aspectos morfológicos e fisiológicos da glândula foram estudados na pomba doméstica Columba livia. Foi determinada a quantidade de secreção da glândula uropigial, seu conteúdo lipídico e o perfil de ácidos sebosos. A mistura lipídica extraída contém ácidos graxos C14 a C20, principalmente não saturados; os ácidos graxos saturados foram principalmente 14:0, 16:0 e 18:0. Não se encontrou correlação entre o tamanho da glândula e a natureza aquática/terrestre das espécies. A ablação da glândula não afetou a sobrevivência, peso corporal, alimentação e os níveis séricos de colesterol, lipídios totais ou cálcio depois de 32-120 dias. Discute-se o possível papel da glândula na proteção contra compostos lipofílicos. A função da glândula é ainda tema de controvérsia. Aceita-se que sua secreção confere às penas propriedades repelentes à água e as mantém flexíveis. Outras funções fisiológicas da secreção glandular podem estar associadas com a produção de feromonas, controle da higiene da plumagem, isolamento térmico e defesa contra predadore...

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“…The gland showed a very high capacity for de novo fatty acid synthesis, the rate of which showed seasonal variation Kolattukudy and Rogers, 1987;Urich, 1994;Stevens, 1996).…”

Section: The Chemical Composition Of the Gland Secretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and biochemical aspects of the avian uropygial gland

Salibián

Montalti

2009

Braz. J. Biol.

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“…However, this relationship is restricted to measures of animals outside the rut. This discrepancy could be due to vigorous exertion, fasting, and acute phase responses to infection all of which are known to elevate serum ceruloplasmin activity (Urich, 1994;Owen, 1982). Furthermore, serum ceruloplasmin may not indicate hepatic reserves of Cu in animals with chronic conditions such as heart disease (Klipstein-Grobusch, et al 1999) or prolonged protein malnutrition (Owen, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blakley and Hamilton (1985) reported a significant difference in serum ceruloplasmin activity between domestic sheep and cattle that was probably independent of Cu status. These differences may be related to small variations in the sequence of the protein or its associated polysaccharide chain (Urich, 1994). Although some difference in activity is probably related to the amount of enzyme in circulation, the substrate affinity (k M ) is independent of enzyme concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dietary copper is transported on albumin protein but is rapidly transferred to ceruloplasmin as it enters the liver for recirculation to other organs (Linder et al, 1998). Ceruloplasmin is an enzyme with multiple domains: 6 to 8 atoms of Cu are bound at sites with high affinity while a further 10 sites with low affinity bind Cu, Zn and other metals (Owen, 1982;Urich, 1994). Although ceruloplasmin accounts for most of the Cu in blood, it is not only a transport molecule but also an oxidase that allows Fe to be stored in the protein ferritin (Reilly et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ceruloplasmin as an Indicator of Copper Reserves in Wild Ruminants at High Latitudes

Barboza

Blake

2001

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Northern ungulates must establish trace mineral reserves when forage is available in spring and summer to sustain biochemical activities through the long winter. Copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) reserves were measured in the serum, digestive tract, liver, and kidney of six male caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) fed a complete pelleted ration. Dry matter content and absolute amounts of Cu, Zn and Fe were highest in the liver. Digesta contents of Cu and Zn were greatest in the rumen but dry matter concentrations were greatest in the cecum reflecting the high levels of Cu and Zn in the diet. Serum ceruloplasmin (an oxidase containing Cu) activity was related to liver copper in captive reindeer and caribou (P Ͻ 0.05, r 2 ϭ 0.82) during spring and winter but not during the rut. Michaelis-Menten kinetics of ceruloplasmin were measured in sera from captive reindeer, muskox (Ovibos moschatus) and moose (Alces alces) (n ϭ 3/ species). Maximum velocities (V MAX ) were 42, 20 and 9 (IU·L Ϫ1 ); k M were 0.38, 0.55 and 0.62 (mM) for muskox, reindeer and moose respectively. Wild caribou (n ϭ 3) from the Teshekpuk herd and moose (n ϭ 3) from the Colville River had lower V MAX (7 IU·L Ϫ1 ) and higher k M (1.9 mM) than their captive conspecifics. These kinetic parameters probably reflect differences in ceruloplasmin structure between species as well as differences in tissue reserves between populations within each species. Serum ceruloplasmin activity and kinetics can provide a non-lethal alternative to direct measures of hepatic Cu reserves in wild and captive populations. However, the method requires validation for the effects of sex, season, development and disease in each species.

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“…This secondary structure is a result of the dominance of the hydrophobic amino acids such as glycine and alanine, arranged in parts of 59-mer-a repeating sequence of GAGAGSGAAG [SGAGAG] 8 Y [4,5]. Ordered crystalline regions making up about 60 % of the fibroin mass [6] are interspersed with amorphous regions located in the area of the light chain [7]. These regions are richer in the hydrophilic amino acids such as serine, threonine, arginine and lysine, which are more susceptible to degradation [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the impact of different exogenous factors on silk textiles deterioration with use of size exclusion chromatography

et al. 2016

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Size exclusion chromatography (SEC), especially coupled with multiple angle laser light scattering detector (MALLS) is a powerful tool in diagnostics of deterioration of historic and art objects to evaluate their condition. In this paper, SEC-UV-MALLS-DRI technique was applied to study degradation of silk fibroin samples (Bombyx mori) artificially aged under various conditions: in the presence of oxygen, in different amount of water vapour and in volatile organic products (VOCs), all at temperature of 90°C. Conditions were chosen in such a way that it mimicked real conditions of textiles' storing during exhibitions and in show cases. The influence of temperature, moisture and VOCs content on the state of silk textiles was examined with the use of size exclusion chromatography. Pseudo-zero-order Ekenstam equation was applied to study degradation rates of fibroin with use of the approximated values of DP of fibroin.

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Comparative Animal Biochemistry

Cited by 100 publications

References 0 publications

Physiological and biochemical aspects of the avian uropygial gland

Physiological and biochemical aspects of the avian uropygial gland

Ceruloplasmin as an Indicator of Copper Reserves in Wild Ruminants at High Latitudes

Evaluating the impact of different exogenous factors on silk textiles deterioration with use of size exclusion chromatography

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