Comparative and Experimental Studies for Evaluation of Paraloid B-72 in Traditional and Nano Forms for Joining of Pottery Samples

Abstract

Many of the excavated pottery artifacts are suffering from different deterioration aspects. The pressure of burial environment is considered the most deteriorative agent for pottery in soil, which leads to damage of the artifact. Therefore, it is necessary to join these damaged parts to be suitable for museum display. The adhesive materials play a significant role in the joining processes of these artifacts. In this study, Paraloid B-72 in its traditional and nano form was prepared (50% in acetone) as adhesive for pottery artifacts. Twelve pottery tiles (14 ×4×1 cm) were prepared and then were adhered together with the adhesive in traditional and nano forms. The pottery samples were exposed to artificial aging as follows; accelerated heat-humid aging (temperature 100°C and 60% relative humidity) and light aging by U.V lamp for 100 hours. Visual assessment and several analytical techniques were used for the evaluation of the selected adhesive. The analytical techniques are transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), color change and tensile strength. The results obtained from transmission electron microscope showed that grain size of nano paraloid was ranging from 33 to 51 nm where the particle size of the traditional paraloid was in the range between 103 to 150 nm. Visual assessment proved that nano paraloid had some simple changes in appearance. Scanning electron microscope revealed that the nano paraloid was more resistance for aging than traditional form. Color change revealed that nano paraloid gave the lowest level of total color differences (ΔE) after light, heat-humid and light-heat aging with 2.31, 3.26 and 4.60 respectively. The tensile strength revealed that nano paraloid gave highest tensile strength (81.3 N/mm2). According to these results, we recommend the use of nano paraloid in joining of archaeological pottery artifacts.

Study and Characterization of Old Kingdom Period Potsherds From Abusir Excavation. A Case Study

“…Sample P2 illustrates the presence of plagioclase feldspar (Pl) and various grain sizes and forms of quartz in a ground rich with iron oxides. In addition to the presence of the grog, as well as showing the boundary between the slip layer and the pottery body [40] (Fig. 4 c, d).…”

“…The sample P3 shows the roughness of the outer surface of these sherds because of defects during manufacture. It also showed surface treatment using the slip layer [40]. Besides, the examination shows the presence of large cracks spread from the outer surface to the different body layers (Fig.…”

Damage Assessment and Chemical Characterization of the Archaeological Glass Weights Kept at Rashid Store of Antiquities: A Case Study

“…This treatment aims to stop the continuity of corrosion reactions and prevent any expected devitrification [32]. After that, it is possible to strengthen and isolate the fragile archaeological glass using 1% Nano zinc oxide dispersed in 3% Nano paraloid [33]. This nanocomposite material is considered the best material for the consolidation and protection of archaeological glass because it is a super hydrophobic and self-cleaning protective material [34,35].…”

The Susceptibility to Biodegradation of Some Consolidants Used in the Restoration of Mural Paintings

“…The solvents most commonly used in combination with Paraloid ® B72 are acetone, toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate and diacetone alcohol [38]. Paraloid ® B72, thanks to its adhesive and consolidating properties, is one of the most frequently used acrylic polymers, and it is employed for the conservation of a wide range of materials due to its reversibility, mechanical characteristics and ease of application [39,40].…”