Comparative anatomy, physiology, and function of the upper respiratory tract.

Reznik, Gerd

doi:10.1289/ehp.85-1568330

Cited by 46 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Odor sensing in non-primate mammals seems to be the most developed of all the senses (Reznik 1990;Morrow-Tesch and McGlone 1990;Young and Trask 2002). Olfaction occurs in the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) located in the upper wall of the nasal cavity (Reznik 1990;Firestein 2001).…”

Section: Smell (Olfaction)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Smell (Olfaction)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Olfaction occurs in the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) located in the upper wall of the nasal cavity (Reznik 1990;Firestein 2001). The development of the nasal cavity in mammals, excluding humans and other higher apes, reflects its primary function in odorant detection (Reznik 1990). The MOE consists of turbinates that increase the surface area, a basement cell membrane and a stratified layer of supporting cells that contain the olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) (Reznik 1990;Firestein 2001).…”

Section: Smell (Olfaction)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of the nasal cavity in mammals, excluding humans and other higher apes, reflects its primary function in odorant detection (Reznik 1990). The MOE consists of turbinates that increase the surface area, a basement cell membrane and a stratified layer of supporting cells that contain the olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) (Reznik 1990;Firestein 2001). The OSN are bipolar neurons with a single dendrite that reaches up to the surface of the neuroepithelium and ends in a knob-like swelling from which project some 20Á30 cilia that lie in the superficial thin layer of mucus (Firestein 2001).…”

Section: Smell (Olfaction)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smell and taste perceptions are unique to the oronasal chemosensory system and are structured in well-defined tissues known as MOE (Reznik 1990;Firestein 2001) and taste buds (Roper 1992;Mombaerts 2000;Matsunami and Amrein 2003), respectively. Oronasal neurons have been reported to respond to both smell and taste, but also to mechanical stimuli (Grosmaitre et al 2007).…”

Section: Somatosensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Unfolding the codes of short-term feed appetence in farm and companion animals. A comparative oronasal nutrient sensing biology review

Roura¹,

Humphrey²,

Tedó³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Roura, E., Humphrey, B., Tedo´, G. and Ipharraguerre, I. 2008. Unfolding the codes of short-term feed appetence in farm and companion animals. A comparative oronasal nutrient sensing biology review. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 88: 535Á558. The evolution of the chemical senses has resulted in a sensory apparatus for high taste and smell acuity in mammals and birds to ensure self-nourishment. Such peripheral chemosensory systems function as a code to unfold the nutritional value of feedstuffs. Food ingestion simultaneously evokes odor, taste and thermo-mechanical (somatosensing) sensations. Olfaction represents the capacity to identify feed volatiles that are predominantly derived from essential nutrients in plants.Comparative biology of olfaction shows that primates and chickens have a smaller olfactory epithelium and fewer olfactory receptor (OR) genes than non-primate mammals studied to date including farm and companion animals, such as the pig, the cow, the dog, the cat and the horse. A significant proportion of the total OR genes in mammals and birds have lost their functionality (pseudogenes) in a process that seems to reflect a decrease in the animal's reliance on the sense of smell, particularly in humans and cows. The taste system allows animals to recognize a diverse repertoire of nutrient (sugars, amino acids, salts, acids and fats) or toxic related chemical entities that provide valuable information about the quality of food. Taste senses non-volatile molecules in the oral cavity through taste receptors (TR). The TR are expressed in the sensory cells forming the taste buds of the tongue's papillae. Taste cells are linked to a network of solitary chemosensory cells diffused through many non-taste tissues involved in metabolic homeostasis. The number of functional taste receptor genes (TASR) in humans is equivalent to that in other mammals and superior to that in chickens. The TASR family 1 (TAS1R coding for umami and sweet TR) is conserved, in number and type, across the species evaluated, with the exception of the sweet receptor in chicken and feline species. The TASR family 2 (TAS2R coding for bitter TR) shows a strong adaptive capacity to dietary sources and digestive physiology across vertebrates. Pseudogenization (loss of gene functionality) in the TAS2R family seems to be a frequent strategy. The implications of oronasal nutrient sensing related to comparative animal feeding strategies and behaviors such as neophobia, feed refusal and hedonic preferences are discussed. Feed palatability and appetence might be one of the main driving forces in short-term feed consumption. Finally, practical applications relevant to animal production are outlined.Key words: Nutrient sensing, taste, olfaction, somatosensing, feed intake, farm, companion animals Roura, E., Humphrey, B., Tedo´, G. et Ipharraguerre, I. 2008. Le code de l'appe´tence a`court terme chez les animaux domestiques et de compagnie. Biologie comparative de la de´tection bucco-nasale des e´le´ments nutritifs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 88: 535Á558. En e´voluant, ...

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Section: Smell (Olfaction)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Smell (Olfaction)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Smell (Olfaction)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Smell (Olfaction)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Somatosensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Unfolding the codes of short-term feed appetence in farm and companion animals. A comparative oronasal nutrient sensing biology review

Roura¹,

Humphrey²,

Tedó³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Reconstruction and Morphometric Analysis of the Nasal Airway of the Dog (Canis familiaris) and Implications Regarding Olfactory Airflow

Craven

Neuberger

Paterson

et al. 2007

The Anatomical Record

148

179

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The canine nasal airway is an impressively complex anatomical structure, having many functional roles. The complicated branching and intricate scrollwork of the nasal conchae provide large surface area for heat, moisture, and odorant transfer. Of the previous anatomical studies of the canine nasal airway, none have included a detailed rendering of the maxilloturbinate and ethmoidal regions of the nose. Here, we present a high-resolution view of the nasal airway of a large dog, using magnetic resonance imaging scans. Representative airway sections are shown, and a three-dimensional surface model of the airway is reconstructed from the image data. The resulting anatomic structure and detailed morphometric data of the airway provide insight into the functional nature of canine olfaction. A complex airway network is revealed, wherein the branched maxilloturbinate and ethmoturbinate scrolls appear structurally distinct. This is quantitatively confirmed by considering the fractal dimension of each airway, which shows that the maxilloturbinate airways are more highly contorted than the ethmoidal airways. Furthermore, surface areas of the maxilloturbinate and ethmoidal airways are shown to be much different, despite having analogous physiological functions. Functionally, the dorsal meatus of the canine nasal airway is shown to be a bypass for odorant-bearing inspired air around the complicated maxilloturbinate during sniffing for olfaction. Finally, nondimensional analysis is used to show that the airflow within both the maxilloturbinate and ethmoturbinate regions must be laminar. This work has direct relevance to biomimetic sniffer design, chemical trace detector development, intranasal drug delivery, and inhalation toxicology.

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The Nasal Cavity of the Rat and Mouse—Source of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injury

Alvites

Caseiro

Pedrosa

et al. 2018

The Anatomical Record

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The nasal cavity performs several crucial functions in mammals, including rodents, being involved in respiration, behavior, reproduction, and olfaction. Its anatomical structure is complex and divided into several regions, including the olfactory recess where the olfactory mucosa (OM) is located and where the capture and interaction with the environmental odorants occurs. Among the cells of this region are the OM mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), whose location raises the possibility that these cells could be involved in the peculiar ability of the olfactory nerve to regenerate continuously throughout life, although this relationship has not yet been confirmed. These cells, like all MSCs, present functional characteristics that make them candidates in new therapies associated with regenerative medicine, namely to promote the regeneration of the peripheral nerve after injury. The availability of stem cells to be therapeutically applied essentially depends on their collection in the tissue of origin. In the case of mice and rat's OM-MSCs, knowledge about the anatomy and histology of their nasal cavity is essential in establishing effective collection protocols. The present article describes the morphological characteristics of rodent's OM and establishes an alternative protocol for access to the olfactory recess and collection of the OM. Anat Rec, 301:1678-1689, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

show abstract

Comparative anatomy, physiology, and function of the upper respiratory tract.

Cited by 46 publications

References 16 publications

Unfolding the codes of short-term feed appetence in farm and companion animals. A comparative oronasal nutrient sensing biology review

Unfolding the codes of short-term feed appetence in farm and companion animals. A comparative oronasal nutrient sensing biology review

Reconstruction and Morphometric Analysis of the Nasal Airway of the Dog (Canis familiaris) and Implications Regarding Olfactory Airflow

The Nasal Cavity of the Rat and Mouse—Source of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injury

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