Comparative anatomy of the buccinator muscle in cat (Felis domestica)

Tomo, Soichiro; Tomo, Ikuko; Nakajima, Kei; Townsend, Grant; Hirata, Kazuaki

doi:10.1002/ar.10090.abs

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…An infraauricular incision was made, and the trunk of the extratemporal facial nerve was identified as it exits the temporal bone by the external auditory canal. The dense epineurium was penetrated with a 30‐gauge needle, and the array was introduced into the facial nerve proximal to the bifurcation into the dorsal and ventral rami with the aid of a micropositioner and with the goal of inserting all 16 stimulating sites in neural tissue. The site and angle of insertion were not programmed or pre‐determined; positioning of the array was dictated by the surgical anatomy and access to the nerve with the micropositioner.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective stimulation of facial muscles with a penetrating electrode array in the feline model

et al. 2016

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Objective Permanent facial nerve injury is a difficult challenge for both patients and physicians given its potential for debilitating functional, cosmetic, and psychological sequelae. Although current surgical interventions have provided considerable advancements in facial nerve rehabilitation, they often fail to fully address all impairments. We aim to introduce an alternative approach to facial nerve rehabilitation. Study design Acute experiments in animals with normal facial function. Methods The study included three anesthetized cats. Four facial muscles (levator auris longus, orbicularis oculi, nasalis, and orbicularis oris) were monitored with a standard electromyographic (EMG) facial nerve monitoring system with needle electrodes. The main trunk of the facial nerve was exposed and a 16-channel penetrating electrode array was placed into the nerve. Electrical current pulses were delivered to each stimulating electrode individually. Elicited EMG voltage outputs were recorded for each muscle. Results Stimulation through individual channels selectively activated restricted nerve populations, resulting in selective contraction of individual muscles. Increasing stimulation current levels resulted in increasing EMG voltage responses. Typically, selective activation of two or more distinct muscles was successfully achieved via a single placement of the multi-channel electrode array by selection of appropriate stimulation channels. Conclusion We have established in the animal model the ability of a penetrating electrode array to selectively stimulate restricted fiber populations within the facial nerve and to selectively elicit contractions in specific muscles and regions of the face. These results show promise for the development of a facial nerve implant system.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective stimulation of facial muscles with a penetrating electrode array in the feline model

et al. 2016

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“…In the superior lip, it is possible that only the orbicularis oris muscle is included, as a comparative anatomic study of the buccinator muscle was unable to identify a maxillary portion of this muscle in the cat. 33 The labial musculomucosal axial pattern flaps described in this report offer additional surgical options for the repair of palatal defects in the cat. In both clinical cases reported here, the tissues surrounding the palatal defects had become severely compromised from previous treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In the inferior lip, the muscular portion probably includes the orbicularis oris and buccinator muscles. In the superior lip, it is possible that only the orbicularis oris muscle is included, as a comparative anatomic study of the buccinator muscle was unable to identify a maxillary portion of this muscle in the cat 33 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the superior and inferior labial musculomucosal flaps in cats: An angiographic study and case series

Canever¹,

Degner²

2022

Veterinary Surgery

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Objective To evaluate the angiosomes of the superior and inferior labial arteries in the cat and describe the use of a musculomucosal axial pattern flap incorporating each artery for reconstruction of palatal defects in cats. Study design Cadaveric study and a series of two clinical cases. Sample population Five feline cadavers and two client‐owned cats. Methods The common carotid arteries of five feline cadavers were injected with barium sulfate. Radiographs of excised tissue specimens were examined to map the location of the superior and inferior labial arteries and to visualize each angiosome available for an axial pattern flap. Labial musculomucosal flaps were utilized to reconstruct palatal defects in two live cats. Results The superior and inferior labia were predominantly perfused by the superior and inferior labial arteries, respectively, and the angiosome of each artery encompassed the majority of its respective labium. Comparative positive contrast angiograms revealed the vascular supply was located within the musculomucosal layer. Reconstruction of recurrent palatal defects utilizing musculomucosal flaps based on these angiosomes in two clinical cases was successful with complete survival of the flaps. Conclusion The upper and lower lips were found to have robust vascular supplies within the musculomucosal layer which can support musculomucosal axial pattern flaps. Clinical significance This information provides the veterinary surgeon with additional surgical options for reconstruction of central and caudal palatal defects in the cat.

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“…Variations in several structures of the cat's gross and micro anatomy are mentioned in the literature (Harrison, ; Booth and Chiasson, ; Ghoshal and Magilton, ; Fishbeck and Sebastiani, ), and some of them have been studied in detail (Gilbert, ; Ojima et al., ; Ojima, ; Sturgess et al., ; Eken et al., ; Tomo et al., ; Silva et al., ; Erdogan, ). Considering the importance of cats as model organisms for both teaching and research purposes, understanding and documenting these anatomical variations are therefore relevant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical and Morphometric Variations in the Arterial System of the Domestic Cat

González

Ball

Cramer

et al. 2014

Anat Histol Embryol

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We document the anatomical architecture and frequency of occurrence of variations in the branching pattern of the brachiocephalic artery and the origin of the internal iliac arteries in the domestic cat, a widely used model organism in both anatomical training and research. Based on the study of 56 preserved specimens, we observed three distinct arrangements in the branching pattern of the brachiocephalic artery. The most common pattern (52% of the examined specimens) was that in which the brachiocephalic artery was divided into two branches, the left common carotid artery and a common branch for the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery. The frequency of occurrence of each variation type was independent of the gender and body size. The internal iliac arteries originated caudal to the point at which the external iliac arteries branched off from the abdominal aorta. However, the portion of the abdominal aorta between the external and internal iliac arteries varied greatly in length and was not significantly correlated with its width, nor with body size or gender. This study is the first to report and quantify the occurrence of such variations in North American cats. Given the anatomical similarity between the cat and other felids, the results of this study can be applied to other species, including endangered species.

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Comparative anatomy of the buccinator muscle in cat (Felis domestica)

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Selective stimulation of facial muscles with a penetrating electrode array in the feline model

Selective stimulation of facial muscles with a penetrating electrode array in the feline model

Evaluation of the superior and inferior labial musculomucosal flaps in cats: An angiographic study and case series

Anatomical and Morphometric Variations in the Arterial System of the Domestic Cat

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