Comparative anatomy and morphology of the knee in translational models for articular cartilage disorders. Part I: Large animals

Oláh, Tamás; Cai, Xiaoyu; Michaelis, Jana Christin; Madry, Henning

doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151680

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 172 publications

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“…The defect size (32 mm 2 ) is comparable with a small human defect (~1.3 cm 2 ) 10,41,45 considering the distal femoral bicondylar and trochlear widths of humans and sheep (size factor, ~2:1). 34,45…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subchondral Drilling Independent of Drill Hole Number Improves Articular Cartilage Repair and Reduces Subchondral Bone Alterations Compared With Debridement in Adult Sheep

et al. 2022

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Background: Subchondral drilling is an established marrow stimulation technique for small cartilage defects, but whether drilling is required at all and if the drill hole density affects repair remains unclear. Hypotheses: Osteochondral repair is improved when the subchondral bone is perforated by a higher number of drill holes per unit area, and drilling is superior to defect debridement alone. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Rectangular full-thickness chondral defects (4 × 8 mm) were created in the trochlea of adult sheep (N = 16), debrided down to the subchondral bone plate without further treatment as controls (no treatment; n = 7) or treated with either 2 or 6 (n = 7 each) subchondral drill holes (diameter, 1.0 mm; depth, 10.0 mm). Osteochondral repair was assessed at 6 months postoperatively by standardized (semi-)quantitative macroscopic, histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and micro–computed tomography analyses. Results: Compared with defect debridement alone, histological overall cartilaginous repair tissue quality ( P = .025) and the macroscopic aspect of the adjacent cartilage ( P≤ .032) were improved after both drilling densities. Only drilling with 6 holes increased type 2 collagen content in the repair tissue compared with controls ( P = .038). After debridement, bone mineral density was significantly decreased in the subchondral bone plate ( P≤ .015) and the subarticular spongiosa ( P≤ .041) compared with both drilling groups. Debridement also significantly increased intralesional osteophyte sectional area compared with drilling ( P≤ .034). No other differences in osteochondral repair existed between subchondral drilling with 6 or 2 drill holes. Conclusion: Subchondral drilling independent of drill hole density significantly improves structural cartilage repair compared with sole defect debridement of full-thickness cartilage defects in sheep after 6 months. Subchondral drilling also leads to a better reconstitution of the subchondral bone compartment below the defects. Simultaneously, drilling reduced the formation of intralesional osteophytes caused by osseous overgrowth compared with debridement. Clinical Relevance: These results have important clinical implications, as they support subchondral drilling independent of drill hole number but discourage debridement alone for the treatment of small cartilage defects. Clinical studies are warranted to further quantify the effects of subchondral drilling in similar settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subchondral Drilling Independent of Drill Hole Number Improves Articular Cartilage Repair and Reduces Subchondral Bone Alterations Compared With Debridement in Adult Sheep

et al. 2022

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“…The sheep spine is relatively larger than humans, particularly in vertebral body width, which would be advantageous for the easier surgical operation [22]. However, sheep are expensive to house and the operation requires special settings, which also hinder the widely accessibility of this model [58].…”

Section: Sheepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical Models of Brucellar Spondylodiscitis

Cai¹,

Xu²,

Maimaiti³

et al. 2022

Preclinical Animal Modeling in Medicine

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Brucellar spondylodiscitis, the most prevalent and significant osteoarticular presentation of human Brucellosis, is difficult to diagnose and usually yields irreversible neurologic deficits and spinal deformities. Relevant aspects of Brucella pathogenesis have been intensively investigated in preclinical models. Mice, rats, rabbits, and sheep are representing available models to induce Brucellosis. Evaluation of Brucellar spondylodiscitis may be performed using a large variety of methods, including plain radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, histological analysis, blood test, and bacteria culture. This chapter focuses on these preclinical models of Brucellar spondylodiscitis. The requirements for preclinical models of Brucellar spondylodiscitis, pearls and pitfalls of the preclinical model establishment, and comprehensive analyses of Brucellar spondylodiscitis in animals are also depicted.

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“…Anatomical studies have shown that articular cartilage is composed of many non-cellular components and a few types of cartilage cells located in the cartilage lacuna. 1 , 2 Cartilage cells, or chondrocytes, are the metabolic center of articular cartilage. To withstand the extreme stress load during exercise, chondrocytes synthesize and secrete copious amounts of extracellular matrix, which is essential for a healthy joint cavity microenvironment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride Channel and Inflammation-Mediated Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis

Lin¹,

Deng²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

JIR

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Articular cartilage allows the human body to buffer and absorb stress during normal exercise. It is mainly composed of cartilage cells and the extracellular matrix and is surrounded by the extracellular microenvironment formed by synovial fluid and various factors in it. Studies have shown that chondrocytes are the metabolic center of articular cartilage. Under physiological conditions, the extracellular matrix is in a dynamic balance of anabolism and catabolism, and various factors and physical and chemical conditions in the extracellular microenvironment are also in a steady state. This homeostasis depends on the normal function of proteins represented by various ion channels on chondrocytes. In mammalian chondrocyte species, ion channels are mainly divided into two categories: cation channels and anion channels. Anion channels such as chloride channels have become hot research topics in recent years. These channels play an extremely important role in various physiological processes. Recently, a growing body of evidence has shown that many pathological processes, abnormal concentration of mechanical stress and chloride channel dysfunction in articular cartilage lead to microenvironment disorders, matrix and bone metabolism imbalances, which cause partial aseptic inflammation. These pathological processes initiate extracellular matrix degradation, abnormal chondrocyte death, hyperplasia of inflammatory synovium and bony. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common clinical disease in orthopedics. Its typical manifestations are joint inflammation and pain caused by articular cartilage degeneration, but its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Focusing on the physiological functions and pathological changes of chloride channels and pathophysiology of aseptic inflammation furthers the understanding of OA pathogenesis and provides possible targets for subsequent medication development.

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Comparative anatomy and morphology of the knee in translational models for articular cartilage disorders. Part I: Large animals

Cited by 17 publications

References 172 publications

Subchondral Drilling Independent of Drill Hole Number Improves Articular Cartilage Repair and Reduces Subchondral Bone Alterations Compared With Debridement in Adult Sheep

Subchondral Drilling Independent of Drill Hole Number Improves Articular Cartilage Repair and Reduces Subchondral Bone Alterations Compared With Debridement in Adult Sheep

Preclinical Models of Brucellar Spondylodiscitis

Chloride Channel and Inflammation-Mediated Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis

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