Comparative Analysis Using the 80-Lead Body Surface Map and 12-Lead ECG With Exercise Stress Echocardiograms

Abstract

The conventional 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) has limited value for assessing the etiology of cardiac symptoms. Approximately 2% to 10% of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) are missed by this method. 1 New research on ECG devices with increased numbers of leads shows that enlarging the sample area of the ECG can improve diagnostic capability. One of these methods is a technology known as a body surface map (BSM). 2 The 80-lead BSM is an innovative technology that comprises 80 unipolar signals: an anterior surface of 64 electrodes, including limb leads and central terminal, and a posterior surface of 16 electrodes. 3 Studies have shown that the 80-lead BSM demonstrates

Emotion Recognition Using Biological Signal in Intelligent Space

“…Paul Ekman et.al found in their experiments that heart rate increased more in anger and fear than in happiness. The main limitation of emotion recognition by using only ECG signals is it can categorize emotion into a few categories such as positive/ negative feeling [2,3,4], feeling of being stressed/relaxed [5,6], or fear/ neutrality [7]. Some studies (e.g., [8,9,10,11]) overcome this limitation by combined ECG with other physiological signals that are related with organs that affected by the ANS as showed in table 1.…”

“…[9]) and anger (e.g., [8]), increase of heart rate variability associated with stress (e.g. [6]). However some results were controversial: sadness has been found to sometimes lead to an increase (e.g., [12]) and sometimes lead to a decrease (e.g., [9]) of heart rate.…”