Comparative analysis on the diversity of Auricularia auricula-judae by physiological characteristics, somatic incompatibility and TRAP fingerprinting

Abstract

Phenotypic traits (physiological characteristics and somatic incompatibility) and genotypic traits (target region amplification polymorphism TRAP) were used to study the diversity of 32 main cultivars of Auricularia auricula-judae in China. Twenty seven important and stable physiological indexes were evaluated; somatic incompatibility test (SIT) reaction was described from three aspects: type, pigment, and intensity; 16 pairs of TRAP primer combinations produced 535 unambiguous and reproducible DNA fragments, of these 524 (97.9%) were polymorphic. Dendrograms were constructed by Unweighted Pair-group Method with Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) method, and the principal coordinate analysis (PCO) of the three methods (physiological characteristics, SIT intensity and TRAP) exhibited similar clustered patterns, revealing that all the tested strains could be divided into three distinct groups, each of which was correlated with different geographical regions. Most strains originated from the same area were with a narrow genetic basis and could possibly be domesticated from the local wild-type strains, some strains were suspected to be synonymous. The grouping information obtained in the present work provides significant information for further genetic improvement of A. auricula-judae.

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals relationship of three major domesticated varieties of Auricularia auricula-judae

“…The surface wrinkles (also known as veins) have been described as one of the major features of fruiting bodies 6–8 . The number and depth of wrinkles were deployed for cultivar identification purposes in China 7 . The physiological function of the wrinkles is to be determined although possibilities on reflecting nutrition and quality are widely implicated in the food market.…”

Genetic variability and relationships amongSalviaecotypes/species revealed by TRAP-CoRAP markers

“…Compared with other marker techniques, TRAP has the advantages of simplicity, high stability and repeatability, especially preferential targeting and appropriate polymorphism information [15,16]. The effectiveness of the TRAP marker system in determining genetic diversity is reported in wheat [17][18][19][20][21][22], sunflower [9,23,24], lettuce [25], common bean [26], sugarcane [27], spinach [28], faba bean [29], Lentinula edodes [30], Auricularia auricula-judae [15] and pea [31]. Hu et al [25] reported that TRAP markers were able to differentiate 53 lettuce cultivars which were very similar in terms of horticultural properties and types.…”

Genetic Diversity Analysis ofHypsizygus marmoreuswith Target Region Amplification Polymorphism

“…The characteristics of strains are very important for the production output and quality of the cultivated mushrooms. Molecular markers can directly reflect the genetic polymorphisms in DNA levels and have been widely used to analyze the genetic diversities, construct the genetic linkage maps, identify strains, and assist in breeding [ 8 , 9 ]. In the previous studies, the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers were developed to discriminate the strains and analyse the genetic divergences among the strains of H. marmoreus [ 10 , 11 ].…”

“…Compared with other marker techniques, TRAP has the advantages of easy operation, high stability and repeatability, strong targeting ability, and rich polymorphism information [ 16 , 17 ]. It had been used to analyze the genetic diversity of Lentinula edodes [ 18 ], construct the genetic linkage map of Lentinula edodes [ 9 ], and analyze the relationship between phenotypic and genotypic traits of Auricularia auricula-judae [ 8 ]. However, it has not been applied in H. marmoreus .…”