Comparative analysis of Wolbachia surface protein in D. melanoagster, A. tabida and B. malayi

Uday, J.; Puttaraju, H. P.

doi:10.6026/97320630008711

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The four w Rec genes evolving under positive selection are of particular interest as they may be potential mediators of Wolbachia -host interactions ( Table 2 ). Indeed, wsp is known to be involved in pathogenicity and host interaction ( Uday & Puttaraju, 2012 ) while OTU-like cysteine proteases have deubiquitinase activity facilitating the pathogenicity of intracellular pathogens and viruses ( Furtado et al, 2013 ; Makarova, Aravind & Koonin, 2000 ). Although the function of the hypothetical proteins is unknown, the presence of transmembrane (TM) domains suggests interaction with the bacterial membrane and potentially its Drosophila host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent genome reduction ofWolbachiainDrosophila recenstargets phage WO and narrows candidates for reproductive parasitism

Metcalf

Bordenstein

et al. 2014

PeerJ

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Wolbachia are maternally transmitted endosymbionts that often alter their arthropod hosts’ biology to favor the success of infected females, and they may also serve as a speciation microbe driving reproductive isolation. Two of these host manipulations include killing males outright and reducing offspring survival when infected males mate with uninfected females, a phenomenon known as cytoplasmic incompatibility. Little is known about the mechanisms behind these phenotypes, but interestingly either effect can be caused by the same Wolbachia strain when infecting different hosts. For instance, wRec causes cytoplasmic incompatibility in its native host Drosophila recens and male killing in D. subquinaria. The discovery of prophage WO elements in most arthropod Wolbachia has generated the hypothesis that WO may encode genes involved in these reproductive manipulations. However, PCR screens for the WO minor capsid gene indicated that wRec lacks phage WO. Thus, wRec seemed to provide an example where phage WO is not needed for Wolbachia-induced reproductive manipulation. To enable investigation of the mechanism of phenotype switching in different host backgrounds, and to examine the unexpected absence of phage WO, we sequenced the genome of wRec. Analyses reveal that wRec diverged from wMel approximately 350,000 years ago, mainly by genome reduction in the phage regions. While it lost the minor capsid gene used in standard PCR screens for phage WO, it retained two regions encompassing 33 genes, several of which have previously been associated with reproductive parasitism. Thus, WO gene involvement in reproductive manipulation cannot be excluded and reliance on single gene PCR should not be used to rule out the presence of phage WO in Wolbachia. Additionally, the genome sequence for wRec will enable transcriptomic and proteomic studies that may help elucidate the Wolbachia mechanisms of altered reproductive manipulations associated with host switching, perhaps among the 33 remaining phage genes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent genome reduction ofWolbachiainDrosophila recenstargets phage WO and narrows candidates for reproductive parasitism

Metcalf

Bordenstein

et al. 2014

PeerJ

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“…These proteins, which are widespread in pathogenic bacteria, are composed of a transmembrane beta barrel domain and a soluble extracellular passenger domain. The passenger domain is sometimes cleaved and secreted into the extracellular space 79,80 . Rickettsia spp.…”

Section: Bacterial Surface Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cells within cells: Rickettsiales and the obligate intracellular bacterial lifestyle

Salje

2021

Nat Rev Microbiol

124

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The Rickettsiales are a group of obligate intracellular vector-borne Gram-negative bacteria that include many organisms of clinical and agricultural importance, including Anaplasma spp, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Wolbachia, Rickettsia spp, and Orientia tsutsugamushi. This review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge of the biology of these organisms and their interactions with host cells, with a particular focus on pathogenic species or those that are otherwise important for human health. This includes a description of rickettsial genomics, bacterial cell biology, the intracellular lifestyles of Rickettsiales and the mechanisms by which they induce and evade the innate immune response.

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“…In A. marginale , a family of msp 2 pseudogenes undergo “combinatorial gene conversion” at the expression site (Brayton et al 2002 ) and MSP2 variants change during growth in different host cell types, which likely reflects a response to host immunity mechanisms (Chávez et al 2012 ). Similarly, Baldo et al ( 2010 ) proposed that changes in WspA HVR regions play a role in host adaptation and innate immunity interactions, consistent with variation in the higher-order structure of the protein in different hosts (Uday and Puttaraju 2012 ). HVR sequence changes in the wsp B paralog may reflect a similar dynamic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Mosaic composition of ribA and wspB genes flanking the virB8-D4 operon in the Wolbachia supergroup B-strain, wStr

Baldridge

Witthuhn

et al. 2015

Arch Microbiol

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The obligate intracellular bacterium, Wolbachia pipientis (Rickettsiales), is a widespread, vertically transmitted endosymbiont of filarial nematodes and arthropods. In insects, Wolbachia modifies reproduction, and in mosquitoes, infection interferes with replication of arboviruses, bacteria and plasmodia. Development of Wolbachia as a tool to control pest insects will be facilitated by an understanding of molecular events that underlie genetic exchange between Wolbachia strains. Here, we used nucleotide sequence, transcriptional and proteomic analyses to evaluate expression levels and establish the mosaic nature of genes flanking the T4SS virB8-D4 operon from wStr, a supergroup B-strain from a planthopper (Hemiptera) that maintains a robust, persistent infection in an Aedes albopictus mosquito cell line. Based on protein abundance, ribA, which contains promoter elements at the 5′-end of the operon, is weakly expressed. The 3′-end of the operon encodes an intact wspB, which encodes an outer membrane protein and is co-transcribed with the vir genes. WspB and vir proteins are expressed at similar, above average abundance levels. In wStr, both ribA and wspB are mosaics of conserved sequence motifs from Wolbachia supergroup A- and B-strains, and wspB is nearly identical to its homolog from wCobU4-2, an A-strain from weevils (Coleoptera). We describe conserved repeated sequence elements that map within or near pseudogene lesions and transitions between A- and B-strain motifs. These studies contribute to ongoing efforts to explore interactions between Wolbachia and its host cell in an in vitro system.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00203-015-1154-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Comparative analysis of Wolbachia surface protein in D. melanoagster, A. tabida and B. malayi

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Recent genome reduction ofWolbachiainDrosophila recenstargets phage WO and narrows candidates for reproductive parasitism

Recent genome reduction ofWolbachiainDrosophila recenstargets phage WO and narrows candidates for reproductive parasitism

Cells within cells: Rickettsiales and the obligate intracellular bacterial lifestyle

Mosaic composition of ribA and wspB genes flanking the virB8-D4 operon in the Wolbachia supergroup B-strain, wStr

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