Comparative Analysis of Volatile Constituents in Root Tuber and Rhizome of Curcuma longa L. Using Fingerprints and Chemometrics Approaches on Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

The root tuber and rhizome of Curcuma longa L., abbreviated, respectively, as RCL and RHCL, are used as different medicines in China. In this work, volatile oils were extracted from RCL and RHCL. Then, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used for RCL and RHCL volatile oils analysis, and 45 compounds were identified. The dominant constituents both in volatile oils of RCL and RHCL were turmerone, (−)-zingiberene, and β-turmerone, which covered more than 60% of the total area. The chromatographic fingerprint similarities between RCL and RHCL were not less than 0.943, indicating that their main chemical compositions were similar. However, there were also some compounds that were varied in RCL and RHCL. Based on the peak area ratio of 45 compounds, the RCL and RHCL samples were separated into principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Then, 20 compounds with a variable importance for the projection (VIP) value of more than 1 were the high potential contributors for RCL and RHCL differences. Furthermore, ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay results demonstrated that the volatile oils of RCL and RHCL had antioxidant activities. This study provided the material basis for the research of volatile components in RCL and RHCL and contributed to their further pharmacological research and quality control.

Sources, morphology, phytochemistry, pharmacology of Curcumae Longae Rhizoma, Curcumae Radix, and Curcumae Rhizoma: a review of the literature

“…Furthermore, turmeric extract attenuated scopolamineinduced memory impairment, inhibited the activity of AChE, and promoted the activation of CREB and the expression of brainderived neurotrophic factor in experimental mice. Li et al (Li H. et al, 2022) found that curcumin improved sevoflurane-induced neuronal cell injury mainly by inhibiting the inflammation, oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis of the hippocampus. Yu et al (Su et al, 2022) used the Morris water maze test and Western blotting to investigate the effects of curcumin on memory function and GSK3β protein expression in the hippocampus of AD rats.…”

“…Curcumae Longae Rhizoma curcumin (Liu et al, 2022),demethoxycurcumin (Liu et al, 2022), bisdemethoxycurcumin (Liu et al, 2022), ar-turmerone (Manzan et al, 2003), α-turmerone (Manzan et al, 2003), βturmerone (Manzan et al, 2003), β-caryophyllene (Manzan et al, 2003), eucalyptol (Manzan et al, 2003), α-phellandrene (Manzan et al, 2003), (−)-zingiberene (Tang et al, 2022), βsesquiphellandrene (Tang et al, 2022), α-curcumene (Tang et al, 2022), terpinolene (Tang et al, 2022), (−)-β-Pinene (Tang et al, 2022), α-Terpinene (Tang et al, 2022), D-Limonene (Tang et al, 2022), Eucalyptol (Tang et al, 2022), Terpinolene (Tang et al, 2022), Linalool (Tang et al, 2022), α-Terpineol (Tang et al, 2022), (E)-β-Farnesene (Tang et al, 2022), γ-Curcumene (Tang et al, 2022) curcumin1.0% volatile oil7.0% (ml/g) (Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, 2020)…”

“…Curcumae Radix curcumin (Chen et al, 2017), demethoxycurcumin (Chen et al, 2017), bisdemethoxycurcumin (Chen et al, 2017), (−)-zingiberene (Tang et al, 2022), βsesquiphellandrene (Tang et al, 2022), terpinolene (Tang et al, 2022), (−)-β-Pinene (Tang et al, 2022), Camphene (Tang et al, 2022), α-Terpinene (Tang et al, 2022), D-Limonene (Tang et al, 2022), Eucalyptol (Tang et al, 2022), Terpinolene (Tang et al, 2022), α-Terpineol (Tang et al, 2022), (E)-β-Farnesene (Tang et al, 2022), γ-Curcumene (Tang et al, 2022), Camphor (Liu, 2006), Borneol (Liu, 2006), Isoborneol (Liu, 2006), α-Bulnesene (Liu, 2006), β-Elernenone (Liu, 2006), Aristolene (Liu, 2006), β-Elemerle (Liu, 2006), Curcumol (Liu, 2006), 1-Pentadecanol (Liu, 2006) -Curcumae Rhizoma curcumin (Zang et al, 2021), demethoxycurcumin (Zang et al, 2021), bisdemethoxycurcumin (Zang et al, 2021), curdione (Ren and Li, 2013), curcumenol (Ren and Li, 2013), germacrone (Ren and Li, 2013), curzerene (Ren and Li, 2013), furanodiene (Ren and Li, 2013), β-elemene (Ren and Li, 2013), isocurcumenol (Yu, 2021), furanodienone (Yu, 2021), α-pinene (Wang et al, 2021), curzerene (Wang et al, 2021), camphene (...…”

“…In addition, other studies have shown that curcumin is mainly involved in skeletal muscle reconstruction and actus through the oxidative pathways by inhibiting fibrosis and the apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells (Deng, 2022;Hu, 2022). Li et al (Li Y. et al, 2022) evaluated the antioxidant activity of eight neo-sesquiterpenoids isolated from Wenyu-jin with regards to activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Analysis showed that procurcumenol and 9-oxoneoprocurcumenol possessed certain antioxidant activities which were mainly exerted through the activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway in a dose-dependent manner.…”

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined With Support Vector Machine Model to Realize Quality Control of Ginkgolide Production

“…Consequently, it has found applications in the quality control of various natural products, including herbal medicines. Traditional analytical methods such as thin-layer chromatography (TLC) [7,8], gas chromatography (GC) [9,10], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [11,12], gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [13,14], and DNA molecular marker techniques [15,16] have also been extensively employed for quality control in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). For instance, DNA sequencing has been utilized to discern Cordyceps from its counterfeits at the molecular level [17].…”