Comparative Analysis of V-Akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 3<i> (AKT3)</i> Gene between Cow and Buffalo Reveals Substantial Differences for Mastitis

Ullah, Farman; Bhattarai, Dinesh; Cheng, Zhangrui; Liang, Xianwei; Deng, Tingxian; Rehman, Zia Ur; Talpur, Hira Sajjad; Worku, Tesfaye; Brohi, Rahim Dad; Safdar, Muhammad; Ahmad, Muhammad Jamil; Salim, Mohammad; KHAN, M H; Ahmad, Hafiz Ishfaq; Zhang, Shujun

doi:10.1155/2018/1463732

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The molecular functions in which most of these genes are involved are related to binding and kinase activity. For instance, AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 (AKT3) and CCL3 are involved in kinase and ATP binding function (51,52). TLR2 and TLR4 molecules are involved in transmembrane signaling receptor activity (53).…”

Section: Functional Prediction Of Mastitis Associated Candidate Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The functional characterization of these proteins provides evidence of their role in signaling and the symptoms caused by mastitis. For example, AKT3 expression increases during lactation in the mammary gland and immune cells, is also involved in the TLR pathways regulating as proinflammatory cytokines (51). The role of IL1B as an inflammatory cytokine in mastitis disease resistance has been reported in water buffalo (76).…”

Section: Prediction Of Cross-talking Proteins By Protein-protein Network Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome Wide Prediction, Mapping and Development of Genomic Resources of Mastitis Associated Genes in Water Buffalo

et al. 2021

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Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) are an important animal resource that contributes milk, meat, leather, dairy products, and power for plowing and transport. However, mastitis, a bacterial disease affecting milk production and reproduction efficiency, is most prevalent in populations having intensive selection for higher milk yield, especially where the inbreeding level is also high. Climate change and poor hygiene management practices further complicate the issue. The management of this disease faces major challenges, like antibiotic resistance, maximum residue level, horizontal gene transfer, and limited success in resistance breeding. Bovine mastitis genome wide association studies have had limited success due to breed differences, sample sizes, and minor allele frequency, lowering the power to detect the diseases associated with SNPs. In this work, we focused on the application of targeted gene panels (TGPs) in screening for candidate gene association analysis, and how this approach overcomes the limitation of genome wide association studies. This work will facilitate the targeted sequencing of buffalo genomic regions with high depth coverage required to mine the extremely rare variants potentially associated with buffalo mastitis. Although the whole genome assembly of water buffalo is available, neither mastitis genes are predicted nor TGP in the form of web-genomic resources are available for future variant mining and association studies. Out of the 129 mastitis associated genes of cattle, 101 were completely mapped on the buffalo genome to make TGP. This further helped in identifying rare variants in water buffalo. Eighty-five genes were validated in the buffalo gene expression atlas, with the RNA-Seq data of 50 tissues. The functions of 97 genes were predicted, revealing 225 pathways. The mastitis proteins were used for protein-protein interaction network analysis to obtain additional cross-talking proteins. A total of 1,306 SNPs and 152 indels were identified from 101 genes. Water Buffalo-MSTdb was developed with 3-tier architecture to retrieve mastitis associated genes having genomic coordinates with chromosomal details for TGP sequencing for mining of minor alleles for further association studies. Lastly, a web-genomic resource was made available to mine variants of targeted gene panels in buffalo for mastitis resistance breeding in an endeavor to ensure improved productivity and the reproductive efficiency of water buffalo.

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Section: Functional Prediction Of Mastitis Associated Candidate Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prediction Of Cross-talking Proteins By Protein-protein Network Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Wide Prediction, Mapping and Development of Genomic Resources of Mastitis Associated Genes in Water Buffalo

et al. 2021

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“…The AKT3 gene sequence of buffalo and cattle were (NW-005783781.1) and (AC-000173.1) that were selected from NCBI and Ensemble. The bioinformatics approach was used to target the Akt3 gene differences between cow and buffalo for various paramount regions [15].…”

Section: Bioinformatics Data Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AKT3 gene sequences of buffalo (NW_ 005783781.1) and cattle (AC_000173.1) were selected from the database of the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ gene/?term=Akt3) [15]. The NCBI database was used for the annotation of the AKT3 gene of cows and buffaloes.…”

Section: Primer Design and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The variation in promoter sequences of the Akt3 gene between cow and buffalo revealed different responses against mastitis

Farmanullah

Gouda

Zhang

et al. 2021

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

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Background Serine/threonine kinase 3 (AKT3) is a protein-coding gene that is associated with several cattle immune diseases including different tumors and cancers. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in structures and functions of AKT3 of cow and buffalo cattle. Methods The sequence differences of gene-coding sequence (CDS) and core promoter region of AKT3 in cow and buffalo were analyzed by using bioinformatics tools and PCR sequencing. Also, the functional analysis of promoter regulating gene expression by RT-PCR was performed using 500 Holstein cows and buffalos. And, evaluation of AKT3 inflammatory response to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis was performed between both species. Results The results revealed the variation in 6 exons out of 13 exons of the two species of CDS. Also, 4 different regions in 3-kb promoters of the AKT3 gene were significantly different between cow and buffalo species, in which cow’s AKT3 promoter sequence region was started from − 371 to − 1247, while in buffalo, the sequence was started from − 371 to − 969 of the promoter crucial region. Thus, the promoter was overexpressed in cows compared to buffaloes. As a result, significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two species in the AKT3 gene expression level related to the LPS stimulation in their mammary epithelial cell line. Conclusions This study emphasized the great importance of the structural differences of AKT3 between the animal species on their different responses against immune diseases like mastitis.

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“…The AKT3 is highly expressed in the digestive system followed by the mammary organ and is also expressed in immune cells. It is associated with the TLR pathways as adequately as proinflammatory cytokines [10]. AKT3 is highly expressed in immune cells and contributes to immunity processes [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Molecular Evolution ofAKT3Gene for Positive Diversifying Selection in Mammals

Farmanullah

Hosseini

Liang

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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The V-Akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 3 (AKT3) gene is of the serine/threonine-protein kinase family and influences the production of milk fats and cholesterol by acting on the sterol administrative area restricting protein (SREBP). The AKT3 gene is highly preserved in animals, and during lactation in cattle, its expression increases. The AKT3 gene is expressed in the digestive system, mammary gland, and immune cells. A phylogenetic investigation was performed to clarify the evolutionary role of AKT3, by maximum probability. The AKT3 gene sequence data of various mammalian species was evident even with animals undergoing breeding selection. From 39 mammalian species studied, there was a signal of positive diversifying selection with Hominidae at 13Q, 16G, 23R, 24P, 121P, 294K, 327V, 376L, 397K, 445T, and 471F among other codon sites of the AKT3 gene. These sites were codes for amino acids such as arginine, proline, lysine, and leucine indicating major roles for the function of immunological proteins, and in particular, the study highlighted the importance of changes in gene expression of AKT3 on immunity.

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Comparative Analysis of V-Akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 3 (AKT3) Gene between Cow and Buffalo Reveals Substantial Differences for Mastitis

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

Genome Wide Prediction, Mapping and Development of Genomic Resources of Mastitis Associated Genes in Water Buffalo

Genome Wide Prediction, Mapping and Development of Genomic Resources of Mastitis Associated Genes in Water Buffalo

The variation in promoter sequences of the Akt3 gene between cow and buffalo revealed different responses against mastitis

Adaptive Molecular Evolution ofAKT3Gene for Positive Diversifying Selection in Mammals

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