Comparative analysis of total salivary lipopolysaccharide chemical and biological properties with periodontal status

Mcilwaine, Clare; Strachan, A. S.; Harrington, Zoë; Jerreat, Matthew; Belfield, Louise; Sándor, Viktor; Foey, Andrew; Zarić, Svetislav

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104633

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Given this, we can do a case/control differential analysis for OralUreaseActivityPathways in our independent validation cohort. Here, “case” samples are defined using an aggregate of multiple systemic disease phenotypes which are based on reported associations to urea or uric acid levels in saliva (or blood) [55,56], including: Alcohol addiction [57,58], Ankylosing spondylitis [59], Diverticulosis [60], Gout [56], Hyperlipidemia [61,62], Kidney cyst [63,64], Kidney disease [65–67], Pancreatitis [68,69]. “Control” samples are selected from those lacking all disease phenotype labels in the validation cohort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial functional pathways based on metatranscriptomic profiling enable effective saliva-based health assessments for precision wellness

Patridge,

Gorakshakar,

Molusky

et al. 2023

Preprint

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It is increasingly recognized that an important step towards improving overall health is to accurately measure biomarkers of health from the molecular activities prevalent in the oral cavity. We present a general methodology for computationally quantifying the activity of microbial functional pathways using metatranscriptomic data. We describe their implementation as a collection of eight oral pathway scores using a large salivary sample dataset (n=9,350), and we evaluate score associations with oropharyngeal disease phenotypes within an unseen independent cohort (n=14,129). As clinical validation, we show that the relevant oral pathway scores are significantly worse in individuals with periodontal disease, acid reflux, and nicotine addiction, compared with controls. Given these associations, we make the case to use these oral pathway scores to provide molecular health insights from simple, non-invasive saliva samples, and as molecular endpoints for actionable interventions to address the associated conditions.HighlightsMicrobial functional pathways in the oral cavity are quantified as eight oral scoresScores are significantly worse for individuals with oropharyngeal disease phenotypesThis methodology may be generalized to other pathways and other sample typesThese scores provide longitudinal health insights in a precision wellness applicationGraphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial functional pathways based on metatranscriptomic profiling enable effective saliva-based health assessments for precision wellness

Patridge,

Gorakshakar,

Molusky

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Previous studies have shown that individuals with a low plaque/bleeding ratio developed significantly more clinical inflammation in terms of bleeding and swelling of the gingiva than individuals with a high plaque/bleeding ratio ( 20 ). The inferior clinical utility of salivary endotoxin activity, compared to subgingival LPS activity, could be explained by the contribution of different sources of LPS (from other oral niches) to the total salivary LPS ( 9 ). In our study, the levels of salivary endotoxin activities did not show statistically significant correlations with subgingival endotoxin activity, suggesting that subgingival niche might not be the main source of salivary LPS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that characteristic lipid A molecular signatures, corresponding to over-acylated, bi-phosphorylated lipid A isoforms, are present in dental plaque and saliva of periodontitis patients. In addition, endotoxin activity levels [measured by the recombinant Factor C (rFC) assay] of subgingival and salivary LPS extracts from periodontitis patients were significantly higher compared to healthy volunteers ( 8 , 9 ). Monitoring endotoxin activity in oral fluids could be a valuable risk assessment tool for primary and secondary prevention of periodontal diseases and personalised treatment choices, giving an opportunity to intervene closer to the biologic onset of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating clinical utility of subgingival and salivary endotoxin activity levels as periodontal biomarkers

Zarić

Strachan²,

Kurushima³

et al. 2022

Front. Oral. Health

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ObjectivesThe use of periodontal biomarkers for identification and monitoring of unique patient populations could foster better stratification of at-risk groups, increase access to treatment for those most in need, facilitate preventive measures and improve personalised care plans. The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic and prognostic utility of oral lipopolysaccharides as bacterially-derived periodontal biomarkers.MethodsPeriodontal parameters were recorded, and saliva and subgingival plaque samples were collected at the beginning of the study from periodontally healthy volunteers and periodontitis patients, and three months after completion of conventional periodontal treatment in the periodontitis group. Endotoxin activity in the samples was measured using the recombinant factor C assay. Associations between clinical periodontal parameters and subgingival and salivary endotoxin activities were analysed using a multivariate regression model, while the ROC curve was applied to estimate the sensitivity, specificity and c-statistics for salivary and subgingival endotoxin activities as diagnostic biomarkers for periodontitis.ResultsSignificant correlations were found between subgingival endotoxin activities, probing pocket depth and periodontal diagnosis, which were independent from patients' age, gender and smoking status. In addition, subgingival endotoxin levels had high specificity and sensitivity in detecting periodontal health and disease (0.91 and 0.85 respectively). Salivary endotoxin activity was positively associated with periodontal diagnosis, mean probing pocket depth, percentages of sites over 4 mm and full mouth bleeding score. However, it was inferior in discriminating patients with stable periodontium from those with periodontitis (sensitivity = 0.69, specificity = 0.61) compared to subgingival endotoxin activity.ConclusionsSubgingival endotoxin activity has good diagnostic and prognostic values as a site-specific periodontal biomarker and is not influenced by the patient's age, gender or smoking status. In contrast, salivary endotoxin activity, as a patient-level biomarker, is dependent on patient's age, has poorer diagnostic and prognostic capability, but shows good correlations with disease susceptibility and both its extent and severity.

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“…This has enabled me to explore both the scientific and educational facets required in an academic career, and i have been able to establish research in both of these areas. My scientific research focuses on host-pathogen interactions, and i have been fortunate to work on multiple projects, including development of three-dimensional oral mucosa models, association of subgingival lipid A profiles with periodontal disease From dental nursing to senior academic in dentistry: a personal career journey status, 1,2 and in 2019 i received the Colgate robin Davies Dental Care professional research Award from the oral and Dental research Trust (oDrT), for a project investigating modulation of osteoclast differentiation and activity by endotoxin tolerance. This Dental Care professional (DCp) specific award was instrumental in developing an independent research career and i remain grateful to the oDrT for the opportunity.…”

Section: Career In Dental Research and Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

From dental nursing to senior academic in dentistry: a personal career journey

Belfield

2023

Prim Dent J

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Comparative analysis of total salivary lipopolysaccharide chemical and biological properties with periodontal status

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Microbial functional pathways based on metatranscriptomic profiling enable effective saliva-based health assessments for precision wellness

Microbial functional pathways based on metatranscriptomic profiling enable effective saliva-based health assessments for precision wellness

Evaluating clinical utility of subgingival and salivary endotoxin activity levels as periodontal biomarkers

From dental nursing to senior academic in dentistry: a personal career journey

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