Comparative analysis of the tear protein profile in herpes simplex virus type 1 epithelial keratitis

Abstract

Background Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) keratitis is a major cause of corneal blindness in the world, and an in-depth understanding of its pathogenesis may help improve existing diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this study is to compare and analysis the total tear protein profile of HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients, and to quantify the potential candidate biomarkers of HSV-1 epithelial keratitis. Methods We investigated the proteome in tear fluid from three HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients and three healthy control subjects using nano-scale liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) analysis. Functional annotation of differentially expressed proteins was done with the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. ELISA was done to quantify the potential candidate biomarkers in 26 clinical cases. Results Tear fluid from three HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients and three healthy control subjects contained a total of 1275 proteins and 326 proteins were unique to tear fluid of HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that tear proteins from HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients may be involved in metabolic processes, antigen presentation, inflammatory response, and in the TNF-mediated and T cell receptor pathways. Furthermore, IL1A, IL12B, DEFB4A, and CAMP, which are associated with the inflammatory response and inhibition of viral infection, were significantly more abundant in the HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients than in the healthy control subjects. Conclusions This study reports the proteomic profile of tears in HSV-1 epithelial keratitis for the first time and identifies a number of unique differentially expressed proteins.

Proteomic Analysis of Tears and Conjunctival Cells Collected with Schirmer Strips Using timsTOF Pro: Preanalytical Considerations

“…IL-1RN, IL-18, CXCL17, and CXC10 were previously detected in a few tear proteomic studies, while IL-36α, IL-36γ, and IL-36Ra were identified only in our study, as opposed to the four other studies [19][20][21]24]. IL-36,a new member of the IL-1 cytokine family, contains IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and IL-36Ra and plays a crucial role in inflammation and immunity [71].…”

“…Additionally, collagen alpha chain proteins such as COL6A1, COL14A1, and COL9A3 were mostly found in all batches, except for COL9A3, which was not identified in B. A comparison with previous comprehensive proteomic studies [19][20][21]24] identified new collagen alpha chain components in tears-COL6A1 and COL9A3. These molecular effectors involved in the integrity of cellular membranes in the allergic response, infectious conditions, and other OSDs [84] could provide new insight for exploring potential targets of interest.…”

Ocular Surface Infection Mediated Molecular Stress Responses: A Review

“…Levels of IL1A, IL12B, DEFB4A, and CAMP proteins were significantly higher in HSV keratitis samples, indicating higher levels of viral inhibition and inflammatory response. These unique proteins can be quantified by ELISA for the discovery of biomarkers for rapid diagnosis of HSV-1 epithelial keratitis [ 98 ]. HSK showed a significant decrease in MIP-1α deficient (−/−) hosts although virus replication and clearance did not differ significantly from that seen in infected wild-type (+/+) mice and it was concluded that MIP-1α is not needed to control virus growth in the cornea but is essential for the development of severe stromal keratitis [ 99 ].…”

The role of Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 in oral diseases in children

“…В ряде случае вирус герпеса поражает глаза, вызывая герпетический кератит [8,17,18] и органы слуха [19]. Кератит, вызванный вирусом простого герпеса первого типа, является основной причиной слепоты в результате повреждения роговицы [17,20]. Также HSV-1 может вызвать многоформную эритему [21] и пневмонит [22].…”