Comparative analysis of the penis corpora cavernosa in controls and patients with erectile dysfunction

Costa, Waldemar S.; Carrerete, F.; Horta, Wagner G.; Sampaio, Francisco J.B.

doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.2005.05917.x

Cited by 48 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, *25%-75% of men experience postoperative ED. 26 To find a cure for ED, numerous researchers in recent years have studied gene (molecular target) and stem cell-based therapies in preclinical studies. Stem cells hold great promise for regenerative medicine because of their ability to self-renew and to differentiate into various cell types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of an Adipose-Derived Stem Cell and Nerve Growth Factor-Incorporated Hydrogel on Recovery of Erectile Function in a Rat Model of Cavernous Nerve Injury

Kim

Piao

Lee

et al. 2013

Tissue Engineering Part A

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Postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (ED) is the major problem for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Recently, gene and stem cell-based therapy of the corpus cavernosum has been attempted for postprostatectomy ED, but those therapies are limited by rapid blood flow and disruption of the normal architecture of the corpus cavernosum. In this study, we attempted to regenerate the damaged cavernous nerve (CN), which is the main cause of ED. We investigated the effectiveness of human adipose-derived stem cell (hADSC) and nerve growth factor-incorporated hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel (NGF-hydrogel) application on the CN in a rat model of bilateral cavernous nerve crush injury. Four weeks after the operation, erectile function was assessed by detecting the intracavernous pressure (ICP)/arterial pressure level by CN electrostimulation. The ICP was significantly increased by application of hADSC with NGF-hydrogel compared to the other experimental groups. CN and penile tissue were collected for histological examination. PKH-26 labeled hADSC colocalized with beta III tubulin were shown in CN tissue sections. hADSC/NGF-hydrogel treatment prevented smooth muscle atrophy in the corpus cavernosum. In addition, the hADSC/NGF-hydrogel group showed increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein expression. This study suggests that application of hADSCs with NGFhydrogel on the CN might be a promising treatment for postprostatectomy ED.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of an Adipose-Derived Stem Cell and Nerve Growth Factor-Incorporated Hydrogel on Recovery of Erectile Function in a Rat Model of Cavernous Nerve Injury

Kim

Piao

Lee

et al. 2013

Tissue Engineering Part A

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“…These structures also give required rigidity to the penis when in a flaccid state (2,3). Several studies have reported functional and morphological changes that take place during the erection process in different animal models (4,5) and also in humans (6,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sinusoidal Constriction and Vascular Hypertrophy in the Diabetes-Induced Rabbit Penis

et al. 2013

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Objective: To assess the morphological changes of penile vascular structures and the corpus cavernosum area in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. Materials and Methods: Twenty male rabbits (2 months old) were divided into two groups with 10 rabbits each, the control group (CG) and the diabetic group (DG). The animals from DG received an intravenous injection of alloxan (100mg/kg) to induce the diabetes. Ten weeks after the induction of diabetes, all animals were euthanized. Two fragments of the penile shaft were harvested and samples were processed and paraffin embedded. Sections (5µm) were cut and stained for histological and immunohistochemical markers. Results: Nuclear protrusion toward the lumen, and cytoplasmic vacuolization were observed in the tunica intima of the dorsal artery of the penis in DG. The thicknesses of the tunica media increased significantly in DG (p = 0.0350). It was also observed a significant increase in the area of the tunica media (p = 0.0179). There was no significant change in smooth muscle cell density in the tunica media of the dorsal artery of the penis (p = 0.0855). The collagen fiber pattern of the tunica adventitia of the dorsal artery of the penis was different between the control and diabetic groups. There was a significant decrease in the area occupied by the cavernous sinuses in DG (p = 0.0013). Conclusion: Alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in rabbits promotes important changes in penile vascular structures, thereby decreasing blood supply and affecting penile hemodynamics, leading to erectile dysfunction.

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“…A study comparing histologic features of penile corpora cavernosa in patients with ED and controls without ED showed a statistically significant reduction in the percentage of elastic fibers in the former 18 . Age, a known risk factor for ED, was also found to be related to an increased expression of collagen and decreased expression of smooth muscle in human cavernosal tissue 19 .…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibrotic Protein Expression Profiles in Penile Tissue of Patients With Erectile Dysfunction

Cabrini¹,

Sezen²,

Lagoda³

et al. 2013

Urology

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Objective To characterize transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFβ1) and related signaling pathway proteins in a large cohort of human penile tissue (HPT) samples. Methods HPT was collected from patients undergoing penile prosthesis implantation (PPI) for erectile dysfunction (ED) and divided into 2 groups: post-radical prostatectomy ED (RP-ED; n=57) or organic ED (O-ED; n=30). HPT from patients undergoing partial penectomy without ED was used as controls (CON; n=6). Western blot analysis was performed to investigate the protein expressions of TGFβ1, thrombospondin 1 (TSP1; an activator of TGFβ1), fibronectin (FN; an extracellular matrix glycoprotein induced by TGFβ1) and a family of transcriptional factors activated by TGFβ1 [Smad2, phospho-Smad2-serine-465/467 (pSmad2), Smad3, phospho-Smad3-serine-423/425 (pSmad3)]. Results Expressions of TGFβ1 and TSP1 were significantly higher in both RP-ED (p<0.05) and O-ED (p<0.05) groups compared to that of the CON group, and were not different between either ED groups. Expressions of Smad2, pSmad2, Smad3, pSmad3 and FN were similar among all groups. Within the RP-ED group, a subgroup analysis showed that time from RP to PPI was related to increased expression of pSmad2 (p<0.05) and previous history of intracavernosal injection was related to increased expression of TGFβ1 (p<0.05) . Conclusion Our results demonstrate that TSP1 and TGFβ1-dependent fibrotic changes occur in penile tissue in patients with ED regardless of etiology. The unchanged expression of the Smad transcriptional factors may be reconciled by a Smad-independent downstream signaling pathway transmitting TGFβ1 signals.

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Comparative analysis of the penis corpora cavernosa in controls and patients with erectile dysfunction

Abstract: In patients with ED there was a statistically significant reduction in the percentage of elastic fibres, but no statistically significant difference in collagen and smooth muscle fibres, and no appreciable differences in collagen distribution between the groups.

Cited by 48 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of an Adipose-Derived Stem Cell and Nerve Growth Factor-Incorporated Hydrogel on Recovery of Erectile Function in a Rat Model of Cavernous Nerve Injury

Effect of an Adipose-Derived Stem Cell and Nerve Growth Factor-Incorporated Hydrogel on Recovery of Erectile Function in a Rat Model of Cavernous Nerve Injury

Sinusoidal Constriction and Vascular Hypertrophy in the Diabetes-Induced Rabbit Penis

Fibrotic Protein Expression Profiles in Penile Tissue of Patients With Erectile Dysfunction

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