Comparative Analysis of the NDVI and NGBVI as Indicators of the Protective Effect of Beneficial Bacteria in Conditions of Biotic Stress

Abstract

Precision agriculture has the objective of improving agricultural yields and minimizing costs by assisting management with the use of sensors, remote sensing, and information technologies. There are several approaches to improving crop yields where remote sensing has proven to be an important methodology to determine agricultural maps to show surface differences which may be associated with many phenomena. Remote sensing utilizes a wide variety of image sensors that range from common RGB cameras to sophisticated, hyper-spectral image cameras which acquire images from outside the visible electromagnetic spectrum. The NDVI and NGBVI are computer vision vegetation index algorithms that perform operations from color masks such as red, green, and blue from RGB cameras and hyper-spectral masks such as near-infrared (NIR) to highlight surface differences in the image to detect crop anomalies. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship of NDVI and NGBVI as plant health indicators in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) treated with the beneficial bacteria Bacillus cereus-Amazcala (B. c-A) as a protective agent to cope with Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) infections. The results showed that in the presence of B. c-A after infection with Cmm, NDVI and NGBVI can be used as markers of plant weight and the activation of the enzymatic activities related to plant defense induction.

Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters in Two Winegrapes Varieties after Foliar Application of ZnSO4 and ZnO

“…Regarding the Syrah vineyard submitted to irrigation, the water quality showed no restriction for agricultural use and is suitable in most soils without danger of salinization [ 56 ], as observed with the electric conductivity (i.e., 100–250 μS cm −1 ) and SAR value (i.e., 1.4) ( Figure 1 ). Considering the response of Castelão and Syrah to Zn foliar spraying of both ZnSO 4 and ZnO, the images where the normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI) were calculated, are usually used to monitor the amount of photosynthetically active biomass, and also changes in crop states (i.e., diseases, environmental stress, water status, and others) [ 57 , 58 , 59 ]. As revealed by data of image acquisition found in both varieties ( Figure 2 ; Table 1 ), NDVI values tended to decrease near the harvest period and with higher anthocyanin concentration (i.e., anthocyanin concentration increases at the maximum maturation point) [ 60 , 61 , 62 ].…”

Precision Horticulture: Application of Optical Sensor Technology for Nitrogen Monitoring Status in Cocoplum, a Native Landscaping Plant

“…Biodiversity conservation is inextricably linked to agricultural activity [ 11 ]. Precision agriculture has the objective of improving agricultural yields and minimizing costs by assisting management with the use of sensors, remote sensing, and information technologies [ 12 ]. Precision agriculture has greatly benefited from advances in machine vision and image processing techniques.…”