Comparative analysis of the midgut microbiota of two natural tick vectors of Rickettsia rickettsii

Pavanelo, Daniel Brisotto; Schröder, Nicolas C. H.; Viso, Natalia Daniela Pin; Martins, Larissa Almeida; Malossi, Camila Dantas; Galletti, Maria F. B. M.; Labruna, Marcelo B.; Daffre, Sirlei; Farber, Marisa Diana; Fogaça, Andréa Cristina

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2019.103606

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In addition, while the midgut of A. sculptum presents an incipient microbiota, A. aureolatum exhibits a prominent microbiota, composed mostly by bacteria of the genus Francisella. Therefore, it is possible that Francisella might desensitize, instead of prime, the immune system of A. aureolatum [53]. The susceptibility of A. sculptum to infection is also somewhat higher in ticks exposed to autochthone than non-autochthone R. rickettsii [54,55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Infection by Rickettsia rickettsii Sheila Smith and Taiaçu Strains in a Murine Model

et al. 2020

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Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a life-threatening tick-borne disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, which is widely distributed throughout the Americas. Over 4000 cases of RMSF are recorded annually in the United States, while only around 100 cases are reported in Brazil. Conversely, while case fatality rates in the United States oscillate around 5%, in Brazil they can surpass 70%, suggesting that differences in tick vectoring capacity, population sensitivity, and/or variability in virulence of the rickettsial strains may exist. In this study, we compared the susceptibility of C3H/HeN mice to two highly virulent strains of R. rickettsii, one from the United States (Sheila Smith) and the other from Brazil (Taiaçu). Animals inoculated with the Taiaçu strain succumbed to infection earlier and exhibited severe histological lesions in both liver and spleen sooner than mice infected with the Sheila Smith strain. These differences in survival and signs of the disease are not related to a greater proliferation of the Taiaçu strain, as there were no significant differences in the rickettsial load in mice tissues inoculated with either strain. The present study is the first step to experimentally assess differences in fatality rates of RMSF in two different regions of the American continent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Infection by Rickettsia rickettsii Sheila Smith and Taiaçu Strains in a Murine Model

et al. 2020

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“…Interestingly, it has also been recently demonstrated that Rickettsia rickettsii modulates the quantity but not the composition of A aureolatum microbiota dominated by the endosymbiont FLE. 125 In A americanum, it was reported that infection with the supposed tick symbiont Arsenophonus appeared to be negatively correlated with Rickettsia sp. infection frequency.…”

Section: Co-occurrences Of Tick Symbionts and Tickborne Pathogens Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on the intricate tango between tick microbiomes and tick‐borne pathogens

Bonnet

Pollet

2020

Parasite Immunology

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The recent development of high-throughput NGS technologies, (ie, next-generation sequencing) has highlighted the complexity of tick microbial communities-which include pathogens, symbionts, and commensals-and also their dynamic variability.Symbionts and commensals can confer crucial and diverse benefits to their hosts, playing nutritional roles or affecting fitness, development, nutrition, reproduction, defence against environmental stress and immunity. Nonpathogenic tick bacteria may also play a role in modifying tick-borne pathogen colonization and transmission, as relationships between microorganisms existing together in one environment can be competitive, exclusive, facilitating or absent, with many potential implications for both human and animal health. Consequently, ticks represent a compelling yet challenging system in which to investigate the composition and both the functional and ecological implications of tick bacterial communities, and thus merits greater attention. Ultimately, deciphering the relationships between microorganisms carried by ticks as well as symbiont-tick interactions will garner invaluable information, which may aid in some future arthropod-pest and vector-borne pathogen transmission control strategies. This review outlines recent research on tick microbiome composition and dynamics, highlights elements favouring the reciprocal influence of the tick microbiome and tick-borne agents and finally discusses how ticks and tick-borne diseases might potentially be controlled through tick microbiome manipulation in the future.

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“…Ticks, as well as most multicellular eukaryotes, possess associated bacteria, viruses, fungi and archaea, mainly in mucosal organs, composing their microbiota (203). In the last decade, several studies have focused on the bacterial composition of different genera of ticks and have explored the interaction of TBPs with nonpathogenic tick endosymbionts to elucidate the impact of microbiota on their vector competence (62, 64, [204][205][206]. The tick immune responses to microbiota, despite its importance for a more comprehensive understanding of tick biology, is a field that requires attention since little is known in comparison with other arthropods.…”

Section: The Role Of Tick Microbiota In Vector Competencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, A. aureolatum is highly susceptible to R. rickettsii infection and harbors a robust intestinal microbiota, mainly composed of the Francisella genus. A. sculptum, on the other hand, is less susceptible to R. rickettsii infection and harbors a reduced intestinal microbiota (206). Additionally, R. rickettsii causes a slight reduction in the microbiota load without changing its composition.…”

Section: The Role Of Tick Microbiota In Vector Competencementioning

confidence: 99%

Tick Immune System: What Is Known, the Interconnections, the Gaps, and the Challenges

et al. 2021

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Ticks are ectoparasitic arthropods that necessarily feed on the blood of their vertebrate hosts. The success of blood acquisition depends on the pharmacological properties of tick saliva, which is injected into the host during tick feeding. Saliva is also used as a vehicle by several types of pathogens to be transmitted to the host, making ticks versatile vectors of several diseases for humans and other animals. When a tick feeds on an infected host, the pathogen reaches the gut of the tick and must migrate to its salivary glands via hemolymph to be successfully transmitted to a subsequent host during the next stage of feeding. In addition, some pathogens can colonize the ovaries of the tick and be transovarially transmitted to progeny. The tick immune system, as well as the immune system of other invertebrates, is more rudimentary than the immune system of vertebrates, presenting only innate immune responses. Although simpler, the large number of tick species evidences the efficiency of their immune system. The factors of their immune system act in each tick organ that interacts with pathogens; therefore, these factors are potential targets for the development of new strategies for the control of ticks and tick-borne diseases. The objective of this review is to present the prevailing knowledge on the tick immune system and to discuss the challenges of studying tick immunity, especially regarding the gaps and interconnections. To this end, we use a comparative approach of the tick immune system with the immune system of other invertebrates, focusing on various components of humoral and cellular immunity, such as signaling pathways, antimicrobial peptides, redox metabolism, complement-like molecules and regulated cell death. In addition, the role of tick microbiota in vector competence is also discussed.

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Comparative analysis of the midgut microbiota of two natural tick vectors of Rickettsia rickettsii

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Comparative Analysis of Infection by Rickettsia rickettsii Sheila Smith and Taiaçu Strains in a Murine Model

Comparative Analysis of Infection by Rickettsia rickettsii Sheila Smith and Taiaçu Strains in a Murine Model

Update on the intricate tango between tick microbiomes and tick‐borne pathogens

Tick Immune System: What Is Known, the Interconnections, the Gaps, and the Challenges

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