Comparative analysis of the immune response of the wax moth Galleria mellonella after infection with the fungi Cordyceps militaris and Metarhizium robertsii

Kryukov, V. Yu.; Kryukova, Natalia A.; Tomilova, Oksana G.; Vorontsova, Yana; Chertkova, Еkaterina А.; Pervushin, A. L.; Slepneva, Irina A.; Глупов, В. В.; Yaroslavtseva, O. N.

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2020.103995

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…It is likely that the combination of less developed mechanisms for the suppression of bacteria and harsher tools for host tissue destruction caused the septicemia during C. militaris infection. In particular, we recently showed that C. militaris infection led to necrotic death of hemocytes and a strong elevation in dopamine and ROS in wax moth larvae, which were not observed after M. robertsii infection [ 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For detection of hyphal bodies and bacteria in the hemolymph of infected larvae, we used gradient centrifugation of the hemolymph in Percol followed by electron transmission microscopy as described previously [ 59 ]. To determine the yield of conidia on the larvae, the cadavers were incubated for 30 days in moist chambers at 25 °C and 15 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However this method is difficult to reproduce, and the outcomes strongly depend on the physiological state of the host [ 22 ]. In contrast, injection of lepidopteran larvae and pupae with blastospores or conidia has led to more stable development of the mycosis [ 55 , 58 , 59 ]. Importantly, spontaneous bacterial infections have been constantly documented after infection of C. militaris with insects in laboratory conditions [ 22 , 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, injection of lepidopteran larvae and pupae with blastospores or conidia has led to more stable development of the mycosis [ 55 , 58 , 59 ]. Importantly, spontaneous bacterial infections have been constantly documented after infection of C. militaris with insects in laboratory conditions [ 22 , 58 , 59 ]. Therefore, C. militaris is a convenient model to study fungal–bacteria interactions in insects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Activation of the antifungal response (encapsulation and phenoloxidase activity) in response to C. militaris infection was observed in wax moth larvae at 25 °C, while inhibition of these parameters occurred at 15 °C. We suggested that C. militaris uses fewer universal tools for evasion and inhibition of host immunity compared to generalists fungi, such as Metarhizium and Beauveria, that induce prolonged mycosis development, persist in hosts and have a specialization in killing dormant insects with reduced immune activity [ 22 , 59 ]. Moreover, because we registered spontaneous bacterioses in the wax moths post injection of C. militaris blastospores and conidia, we hypothesized that C. militaris has poorly developed mechanisms for manipulating the host microbiota and requires a low temperature for its normal development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interplay between Fungal Infection and Bacterial Associates in the Wax Moth Galleria mellonella under Different Temperature Conditions

Kryukov

Kosman

Tomilova

et al. 2020

JoF

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Various insect bacterial associates are involved in pathogeneses caused by entomopathogenic fungi. The outcome of infection (fungal growth or decomposition) may depend on environmental factors such as temperature. The aim of this study was to analyze the bacterial communities and immune response of Galleria mellonella larvae injected with Cordyceps militaris and incubated at 15 °C and 25 °C. We examined changes in the bacterial CFUs, bacterial communities (Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing) and expression of immune, apoptosis, ROS and stress-related genes (qPCR) in larval tissues in response to fungal infection at the mentioned temperatures. Increased survival of larvae after C. militaris injection was observed at 25 °C, although more frequent episodes of spontaneous bacteriosis were observed at this temperature compared to 15 °C. We revealed an increase in the abundance of enterococci and enterobacteria in the midgut and hemolymph in response to infection at 25 °C, which was not observed at 15 °C. Antifungal peptide genes showed the highest expression at 25 °C, while antibacterial peptides and inhibitor of apoptosis genes were strongly expressed at 15 °C. Cultivable bacteria significantly suppressed the growth of C. militaris. We suggest that fungi such as C. militaris may need low temperatures to avoid competition with host bacterial associates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Interplay between Fungal Infection and Bacterial Associates in the Wax Moth Galleria mellonella under Different Temperature Conditions

Kryukov

Kosman

Tomilova

et al. 2020

JoF

Self Cite

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Changes of the gene expression in silkworm larvae and Cordyceps militaris at late stages of the pathogenesis

Kato

Nishimura

Misu

et al. 2022

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Cordyceps militaris is an entomopathogenic fungus that forms its fruiting body. The gene expression change in C. militaris and silkworm larvae were analyzed using RNA-seq to investigate the relationship of C. militaris with the host, silkworm larvae before the death by mycosis. At 144 h after the injection of C. militaris conidia, genes encoding proteases, protease inhibitors, and cuticle proteins in the fat body of silkworm larvae were upregulated, but genes encoding lipoproteins and other proteins in hemolymph were downregulated. On the other hand, at 168 h after the injection of C. militaris conidia, genes encoding amino acid and oligopeptide transporters and permeases in C. militaris were upregulated, suggesting that C. militaris may use peptides and amino acids in silkworm larvae as a nutrient to grow in vivo. Additionally, one gene cluster composed of genes putatively involved in the degradation of phenolic substrates was also upregulated. The addition of 4,5-dichlorocatechol, an inhibitor of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, inhibited the in vivo growth of C. militaris, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae.These results also suggest that the expression of the gene cluster may be crucial for the in vivo growth of C. militaris and entomopathogenic fungi. This study will clarify how C. militaris grows in insect hosts by avoiding host's immune systems.

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Host-pathogen interaction between Asian citrus psyllid and entomopathogenic fungus (Cordyceps fumosorosea) is regulated by modulations in gene expression, enzymatic activity and HLB-bacterial population of the host

Qasim

Xiao

et al. 2021

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &

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Comparative analysis of the immune response of the wax moth Galleria mellonella after infection with the fungi Cordyceps militaris and Metarhizium robertsii

Cited by 9 publications

References 63 publications

Interplay between Fungal Infection and Bacterial Associates in the Wax Moth Galleria mellonella under Different Temperature Conditions

Interplay between Fungal Infection and Bacterial Associates in the Wax Moth Galleria mellonella under Different Temperature Conditions

Changes of the gene expression in silkworm larvae and Cordyceps militaris at late stages of the pathogenesis

Host-pathogen interaction between Asian citrus psyllid and entomopathogenic fungus (Cordyceps fumosorosea) is regulated by modulations in gene expression, enzymatic activity and HLB-bacterial population of the host

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