Comparative Analysis of the Gut Microbiota of Adult Mosquitoes From Eight Locations in Hainan, China

Abstract

The midgut microbial community composition, structure, and function of field-collected mosquitoes may provide a way to exploit microbial function for mosquito-borne disease control. However, it is unclear how adult mosquitoes acquire their microbiome, how the microbiome affects life history traits and how the microbiome influences community structure. We analyzed the composition of 501 midgut bacterial communities from field-collected adult female mosquitoes, including Aedes albopictus, Aedes galloisi, Culex pallidothorax, Culex pipiens, Culex gelidus, and Armigeres subalbatus, across eight habitats using the HiSeq 4000 system and the V3−V4 hyper-variable region of 16S rRNA gene. After quality filtering and rarefaction, a total of 1421 operational taxonomic units, belonging to 29 phyla, 44 families, and 43 genera were identified. Proteobacteria (75.67%) were the most common phylum, followed by Firmicutes (10.38%), Bacteroidetes (6.87%), Thermi (4.60%), and Actinobacteria (1.58%). The genera Rickettsiaceae (33.00%), Enterobacteriaceae (20.27%), Enterococcaceae (7.49%), Aeromonadaceae (7.00%), Thermaceae (4.52%), and Moraxellaceae (4.31%) were dominant in the samples analyzed and accounted for 76.59% of the total genera. We characterized the midgut bacterial communities of six mosquito species in Hainan province, China. The gut bacterial communities were different in composition and abundance, among locations, for all mosquito species. There were significant differences in the gut microbial composition between some species and substantial variation in the gut microbiota between individuals of the same mosquito species. There was a marked variation in different mosquito gut microbiota within the same location. These results might be useful in the identification of microbial communities that could be exploited for disease control.

Comparison of Gut Bacterial Communities of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Reared on Different Host Plants

“…Firmicutes are abundant in the digestive tracts of Spodoptera litura, Manduca sexta, Helicoverpa armigera, and several other lepidopterans [17]. Absolute dominance in the abundance of Proteobacteria in G. molesta [18], Bombyx mori [23,54], N. lugens [25,51,55], mosquitoes [42,56], and Triatoma sordida [57] has been confirmed. The high abundance of Firmicutes on wild oats is due to better absorption of different nutrients.…”

“…In recent years, more insect microbial communities have been discovered and studied. Studies have been reported in honeybees [34][35][36][37], fruit flies [38][39][40], mosquitoes [41,42], Dectes texanus [43], and termites [44,45], as well as in lepidopteran pests, such as Grapholita molesta [18,[46][47][48], Carposina sasakii [46,47], and Cydia pomonella [47]. The gut microbial community of the honeybee has stable species and structure, and there are many unique microbial types in different regions of Apis mellifera.…”

“…When Drosophila species feed on different hosts, the gut microbial community affects nutrient absorption and hormone release, thus affecting growth and development [38][39][40]. There were significant changes in the microbial communities of different mosquitoes at the same site, showing the important role of gut microbes in mosquito reproduction [41,42]. The gut microbial community of Blattella germanica is highly dynamic, because the microbial community restructures for a specific dietary pattern within a short period of time.…”

Microbiota Variation Across Life Stages of European Field-Caught Anopheles atroparvus and During Laboratory Colonization: New Insights for Malaria Research

“…atroparvus , the vast majority from the phylum Proteobacteria . Most of the bacterial taxa herein reported have been described as part of the microbiota in culicid mosquitoes ( Dada et al, 2014 ; Muturi et al, 2016 ; Rocha-David et al, 2016 ; Hegde et al, 2018 ; Kang et al, 2020 ) including Anopheles from different geographic regions ( Rani et al, 2009 ; Djadid et al, 2011 ; Wang et al, 2011 ; Boissiere et al, 2012 ; Gimonneau et al, 2014 ; Ngo et al, 2015 ; Bogale et al, 2020 ; Galeano-Castañeda et al, 2020 ; Zoure et al, 2020 ; Feng et al, 2021 ; Silva et al, 2021 ).…”

Responses of the Soil Microbial Community to Salinity Stress in Maize Fields

“…The alpha diversity (i.e., Shannon diversity, Chao1 richness and coverage) was determined using the “vegan” package in R (version 3.6.2) [ 27 ]. Soil basic indexes (ECe, pH, clay, silt, sand, K + , Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , SOC, AN, AP, AK, ALP, invertase, urease and CAT) were evaluated using one-way ANOVA.…”