Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of Polymerase Chain Reaction and Microscopy in Malaria Diagnosis

Muhammad, Ismail; Mohammed, Tanko; Usman, Asiya Muhammad; Abubakar, Bala

doi:10.22178/pos.89-21

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…(Okuta et al, 2020). These results are similar to those reported from Nigeria and Cameroon (Muhammad et al, 2022, Nana et al, 2021, which turned out to be significantly higher than what we found in our study. This is because of the small sample sizes in their studies compared to our study, making the positivity rate more susceptible to specific positive or negative cases.…”

Section: Sociodemographic Characteristics Of the Participantssupporting

confidence: 91%

HRP2 and pLDH performance comparison as rapid diagnostic tools for symptomatic malaria patients at Rugazi HC IV in Rubirizi District

Nakavuma,

Musau,

Lumu

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Rapid and precise laboratory diagnosis is essential for effectively diagnosing and managing malaria patients. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) play a critical role in malaria diagnosis in resource-constrained settings with limited access to labs and trained staff. The efficiency of two mRDTs (HRP2 and pLDH) was compared against microscopy, the gold standard for malaria diagnosis, in this study. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 308 participants were tested for malaria parasites using two mRDTs and blood smear microscopy as the gold standard. STATA software version 17 was used for data analysis. Results Out of the 308 participants, 82 tested positive for HRP2 mRDT (26.62% (95% CI: 21.97–31.86) positivity rate, 73.38% (95% CI: 68.14–78.83) negativity rate), and 99 tested positive for pLDH mRDT (32.14% (95% CI: 27.14–37.59) positivity rate, 67.86% (95% CI: 62.41–72.86) negativity rate). Using microscopy as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were determined. For HRP2 mRDT, sensitivity was 77.78% (95%CI: 73.13–82.42), specificity 97.61% (95%CI: 95.90–99.31), PPV 93.90% (95%CI: 91.23–96.56), and NPV 90.27% (95%CI: 86.96–93.58). For pLDH mRDT, the sensitivity was 94.95% (95% CI: 92.50–97.40), specificity was 97.61% (95% CI: 95.90-99.31), PPV was 94.95% (95% CI: 92.50–97.40), and NPV was 97.61% (95% CI: 95.90–99.31). The dominant malaria species was Plasmodium falciparum (74.7%), followed by Plasmodium vivax (12.1%) and Plasmodium ovale (1%). Mixed infections of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax (7.1%) and plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium ovale (5.1%) were also observed. Conclusion There was no significant difference in the positivity rate, negativity rate, specificity or PPV in both mRDTs. However, a significant difference in the NPV and sensitivity of HRP2 and pLDH mRDTs was observed where HRP2’s sensitivity was below the WHO recommendation of ≥ 95% in this study population; thus, there is a need to improve the sensitivity of this mRDT kit. In our study, most malaria infections were caused by Plasmodium falciparum, followed by P. vivax and P. ovale.

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Section: Sociodemographic Characteristics Of the Participantssupporting

confidence: 91%

HRP2 and pLDH performance comparison as rapid diagnostic tools for symptomatic malaria patients at Rugazi HC IV in Rubirizi District

Nakavuma,

Musau,

Lumu

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…for HRP2 and PLDH mRDTs, respectively [20]. These results are similar to those reported from Nigeria and Cameroon, which turned out to be significantly higher than what we found in our study [21,22]. This is because of the small sample sizes in their studies compared to our study, making the positivity rate more susceptible to specific positive or negative cases.…”

Section: The Most Common Plasmodium Speciessupporting

confidence: 87%

HRP2 and PLDH Performance Comparison as Rapid Diagnostic Tools for Symptomatic Malaria Patients at Rugazi HC IV in Rubirizi District

2024

Int Internal Med J

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Background: Rapid and precise laboratory diagnosis is essential for effectively diagnosing and managing malaria patients. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) play a critical role in malaria diagnosis in resource-constrained settings with limited access to labs and trained staff. The efficiency of two mRDTs (HRP2 and pLDH) was compared against microscopy, the gold standard for malaria diagnosis, in this study. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 308 participants were tested for malaria parasites using two mRDTs and blood smear microscopy as the gold standard. STATA software version 17 was used for data analysis. Results: Out of the 308 participants, 82 tested positive for HRP2 mRDT (26.62% (95% CI: 21.97-31.86) positivity rate, 73.38% (95% CI: 68.14-78.83) negativity rate), and 99 tested positive for pLDH mRDT (32.14% (95% CI: 27.14-37.59) positivity rate, 67.86% (95% CI: 62.41-72.86) negativity rate). Using microscopy as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were determined. For HRP2 mRDT, sensitivity was 77.78% (95%CI: 73.13-82.42), specificity 97.61% (95%CI: 95.90 - 99.31), PPV 93.90% (95%CI: 91.23 – 96.56), and NPV 90.27% (95%CI: 86.96-93.58). For pLDH mRDT, the sensitivity was 94.95% (95% CI: 92.50-97.40), specificity was 97.61% (95% CI: 95.90-99.31), PPV was 94.95% (95% CI: 92.50 – 97.40), and NPV was 97.61% (95% CI: 95.90 - 99.31). The dominant malaria species was Plasmodium falciparum (74.7%), followed by Plasmodium vivax (12.1%) and Plasmodium ovale (1%). Mixed infections of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax (7.1%) and plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium ovale (5.1%) were also observed. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the positivity rate, negativity rate, specificity or PPV in both mRDTs. However, a significant difference in the NPV and sensitivity of HRP2 and pLDH mRDTs was observed where HRP2’s sensitivity was below the WHO recommendation of ≥95% in this study population; thus, there is a need to improve the sensitivity of this mRDT kit. In our study, most malaria infections were caused by Plasmodium falciparum, followed by P. vivax and P. ovale. We therefore recommend the use of pLDH mRDTs over HRP2 mRDTs based on the results of our study

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Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of Polymerase Chain Reaction and Microscopy in Malaria Diagnosis

Cited by 2 publications

References 30 publications

HRP2 and pLDH performance comparison as rapid diagnostic tools for symptomatic malaria patients at Rugazi HC IV in Rubirizi District

HRP2 and pLDH performance comparison as rapid diagnostic tools for symptomatic malaria patients at Rugazi HC IV in Rubirizi District

HRP2 and PLDH Performance Comparison as Rapid Diagnostic Tools for Symptomatic Malaria Patients at Rugazi HC IV in Rubirizi District

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