Comparative analysis of the biodiversity of fungal endophytes in insect-induced galls and surrounding foliar tissue

Lawson, Sarah P.; Christian, Natalie; Abbot, Patrick

doi:10.1007/s13225-013-0268-z

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Interestingly, recent research has even revealed that aphid-induced galls (tumor-like growths on plant tissue) can contain different EF constituents than the surrounding leaf and petiole tissues. Moreover, the EF profiles of each gall differed by species of aphid, despite sharing the same host plant ( Lawson et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Roles Of the Microbiome Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, EF render the palatability of leaves unpredictable to herbivores by increasing the spatial heterogeneity of the chemical landscape within host-plant tissues ( Carroll, 1988 ; Herre et al, 2007 ). Several studies of temperate trees have found negative effects of EF on leafmining or galling insects ( Wilson and Carroll, 1997 ; Lawson et al, 2014 ), including evidence suggesting that leafmining insects are more likely to lay eggs on leaves with lower endophyte densities ( Wilson and Faeth, 2001 ). Moreover, endophytes may also strengthen plants’ innate pathogen and herbivore defenses; colonization by a single, common endophyte (i.e., Colletotrichum tropicale ) induced the upregulation of over 100 different host genes in Theobroma cacao , including many related to chemical defense and the hardening of cell walls ( Mejia et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Roles Of the Microbiome Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbiomes: unifying animal and plant systems through the lens of community ecology theory

2015

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The field of microbiome research is arguably one of the fastest growing in biology. Bacteria feature prominently in studies on animal health, but fungi appear to be the more prominent functional symbionts for plants. Despite the similarities in the ecological organization and evolutionary importance of animal-bacterial and plant–fungal microbiomes, there is a general failure across disciplines to integrate the advances made in each system. Researchers studying bacterial symbionts in animals benefit from greater access to efficient sequencing pipelines and taxonomic reference databases, perhaps due to high medical and veterinary interest. However, researchers studying plant–fungal symbionts benefit from the relative tractability of fungi under laboratory conditions and ease of cultivation. Thus each system has strengths to offer, but both suffer from the lack of a common conceptual framework. We argue that community ecology best illuminates complex species interactions across space and time. In this synthesis we compare and contrast the animal-bacterial and plant–fungal microbiomes using six core theories in community ecology (i.e., succession, community assembly, metacommunities, multi-trophic interactions, disturbance, restoration). The examples and questions raised are meant to spark discussion amongst biologists and lead to the integration of these two systems, as well as more informative, manipulatory experiments on microbiomes research.

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Section: Roles Of the Microbiome Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Roles Of the Microbiome Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiomes: unifying animal and plant systems through the lens of community ecology theory

2015

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“…belonging to Cladosporium , Penicillium , Tricoderma and Chaetomium ; Raghavendra and Newcombe 2013; Busby et al 2016), and gall-forming cynipid wasps on oak avoided to oviposit on leaf parts that were prone to endophyte colonisation (Wilson and Carroll 1997). Moreover, in support of endophyte anti-herbivore effects, galling aphids appear to alter and proliferate the endophytic mycobiota surrounding their galls (Lawson et al 2014), and leaf cutting ants clean their leaves of endophytes before they plant them in their fungal garden (Van Bael et al 2009; Coblentz and van Bael 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Both plant genotype and herbivory shape aspen endophyte communities

et al. 2018

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Salicinoid phenolic glycosides are common defence substances in salicaceous trees and specialist leaf beetles use these compounds for their own defence against predators. Salicinoids vary qualitatively and qualitatively in aspen (Populus tremula) and this variation has a genetic basis. The foliar endophyte mycobiome is plentiful and we hypothesised that it is related to plant genotype, potentially mediated by salicinoid composition, and that interactions with the leaf beetle Chrysomela tremula may alter this relationship. We studied these three-way interactions in controlled greenhouse experiments. Endophytic fungi were isolated from sterilised leaf tissues with and without beetle damage, and from beetles. We confirmed that endophyte composition was influenced by host genotype. Beetle activity added generalist morphs to the mycobiome that overrode the initial host association. Yeast-like genera (Cryptococcus and Rhodotorula) were isolated only from beetle-damaged tissues and from beetles, whereas fast-growing filamentous fungi dominated beetle-free control plants. Competition experiments between filamentous fungi of plant origin and beetle-related yeasts suggested interaction of both stimulating and inhibiting modes of action amongst the fungi. As a result, we detected examples of amensalism, commensalism, parasitism and competition between the morphs tested, but we found no evidence of mutualism, and consequently no co-evolutionary relationship could be demonstrated, between yeasts carried by beetles, host genotype and associated filamentous morphs. Endophyte studies are method-dependent and high-throughput sequencing technology best define the fungal mycobiome, culturing however continues to be a cheap way to provide fundamental ecological insights and it is also required for experimental studies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00442-018-4097-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…However, symbiosis has benefitted many gall-inducing insect lineages such as ambrosia gall midges whose diversification has been aided by fungal symbionts ( Joy, 2013 ). The role of endophytic fungi present in many insect-induced galls is also unknown ( Lawson et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Role Of Symbionts In Galler–plant Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Galling Truth: Limited Knowledge of Gall-Associated Volatiles in Multitrophic Interactions

Borges

2018

Front. Plant Sci.

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Galls are the product of enclosed internal herbivory where the gall maker induces a plant structure within which the herbivores complete their development. For successful sustained herbivory, gall makers must (1) suppress the induction of plant defenses in response to herbivory that is usually mediated through the jasmonic acid pathway and involves volatile organic compound (VOC) production, or (2) have mechanisms to cope with herbivory-induced VOCs, or (3) manipulate production of VOCs to their own advantage. Similarly, plants may have mechanisms (1) to avoid VOC suppression or (2) to attract galler enemies such as parasitoids. While research on VOCs involved in plant–herbivore–parasitoid/predator interactions is extensive, this has largely focussed on the impact of piercing, sucking, and chewing external herbivores or their eggs on VOC emissions. Despite the importance of gallers, owing to their damage to many economically valuable plants, the role of volatiles in gall-associated herbivory has been neglected; exceptions include studies on beneficial gallers and their enemies such as those that occur in brood-site pollination mutualisms. This is possibly the consequence of the difficulties inherent with studying internally occurring herbivory. This review examines the evidence for VOCs in galler attraction to host plants, potential VOC suppression by gallers, increased emission from galls and neighboring tissues, attraction of galler enemies, and the role of galler symbionts in VOC production. It suggests a research focus and ways in which studies on galler-associated VOCs can progress from a philatelic approach involving VOC listing toward a more predictive and evolutionary perspective.

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Comparative analysis of the biodiversity of fungal endophytes in insect-induced galls and surrounding foliar tissue

Cited by 26 publications

References 48 publications

Microbiomes: unifying animal and plant systems through the lens of community ecology theory

Microbiomes: unifying animal and plant systems through the lens of community ecology theory

Both plant genotype and herbivory shape aspen endophyte communities

The Galling Truth: Limited Knowledge of Gall-Associated Volatiles in Multitrophic Interactions

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