Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Antibacterial, Cytoprotective Potential and Metabolite Profile of Two Endophytic Penicillium spp.

Abstract

The current study assessed the metabolite abundance, alpha (α)-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate extract (EAE) of endophytic Penicillium lanosum (PL) and Penicillium radiatolobatum (PR). A higher extract yield was found in EAE-PR with a total phenolic content of 119.87 ± 3.74 mg of GAE/g DW and a total flavonoid content of 16.26 ± 1.95 mg of QE/g DW. The EAE-PR inhibited α-amylase and scavenged ABTS+ radicals with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 362.5 and 37.5 µg/mL, respectively. Compared with EAE-PL, EAE-PR exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Treatment with EAE-PR (1000 µg/mL) did not cause significant toxicity in the HEK-293 cell line compared to the control cells (p < 0.05). EAE-PR treatments (250–1000 µg/mL) showed higher cytoprotective effects toward H2O2-stressed HEK-293 cells compared with ascorbic acid (AA). The UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of thiophene A (C13H8S), limonene (C10H16), and phenylacetic acid (C8H8O2) in EAE-PR. Furthermore, these compounds demonstrated substantial interactions with diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), oxidative stress (NADPH-oxidase), and bacteria (D-alanine D-alanine ligase)-related enzymes/proteins evidenced in silico molecular docking analysis.

Phytochemical composition, antioxidant and cytotoxicity of the aqueous extracts of Dracaena arborea andBridelia ferruginea: in vitro and in silico studies.

“…The DPPH radical was estimated as described earlier [22]. Nine concentrations (7.8, 15.6, 31.3, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 µg/mL) of D. arborea and B. ferruginea and ascorbic acid were used.…”

“…The TF content of each extract was quanti ed as described earlier [22]. Brie y, 100 µL of each extract (at 1 mg/mL) was mixed with distilled water (250 µL) and ethanol (150 µL; 95%).…”

Unveiling the Structural Characteristics and Bioactivities of the Polysaccharides Extracted from Endophytic Penicillium sp.

“…The antioxidant properties of natural compounds are largely associated with their electron-donating and free radical neutralizing ability, thus contributing to their reducing powers. Therefore, determining the reducing power of natural compounds is commonly linked to their antioxidant capacity, making the ferric reducing assay a reliable approach for determining and quantifying the antioxidant activity of antioxidants [23,42]. The ferric reducing potential of IPS-1, IPS-2, and AA was positively correlated with the concentration dosage (Figure 6c).…”

“…Among them, Penicillium is an important Genus comprising more than 400 identified species. Further, biomolecules of Penicillium species, such as alcohol, penicillin, peptides, and organic acids, are promising in agriculture, food, and medicinal industrial applications [22,23]. Some earlier works reported that IPS and EPS were isolated from Penicillium sp., and determined their promising biological activities [11,24,25].…”

Nurturing with Nature: The Efficacy of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Microbe for Cocoa Sector Environmental Management in Ghana

“…For instance, drought stress poses a signi cant impact on the delicate water balance in cocoa plants, resulting in unfavorable growth, development, and yield outcomes (Oyekale, 2021). A prominent outcome of drought conditions is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the plant's cellular structure (Jin et al, 2023;Naveen et al, 2023). These ROS molecules are known to possess a strong reactivity, capable of in icting harm to cellular constituents, including chlorophyll molecules (Sharma et al, 2023;Gupta and Pandey, 2022).…”