Comparative analysis of static and dynamic bare footprint dimensions in a north Indian population

Mukhra, Richa; Krishan, Kewal; Nirenberg, Michael S.; Ansert, Elizabeth; Kanchan, Tanuj

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110169

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…We encourage further research using more rigorous prediction methods to be peer-reviewed and published with consideration of how speed and substrate can affect trace dimensions. Further consideration should be given to possible differences that exist between dynamic traces, such as those reported here, and static traces (Mukhra et al, 2020(Mukhra et al, , 2021Nirenberg et al, 2019aNirenberg et al, , 2019b, and with a greater range of substrates assessed. We also stress that this study only assessed barefoot individuals and tests must be performed on footprints of footwear, such as socks (i.e., see Nirenberg et al, 2019a, for a description on sock-clad footprint traces and how footprint dimensions are further changed by the wearing of materials on the foot) and shoes, and how each of these respectively change between static and dynamic traces (Mukhra et al, 2020(Mukhra et al, , 2021.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Further consideration should be given to possible differences that exist between dynamic traces, such as those reported here, and static traces (Mukhra et al, 2020(Mukhra et al, , 2021Nirenberg et al, 2019aNirenberg et al, , 2019b, and with a greater range of substrates assessed. We also stress that this study only assessed barefoot individuals and tests must be performed on footprints of footwear, such as socks (i.e., see Nirenberg et al, 2019a, for a description on sock-clad footprint traces and how footprint dimensions are further changed by the wearing of materials on the foot) and shoes, and how each of these respectively change between static and dynamic traces (Mukhra et al, 2020(Mukhra et al, , 2021. Ultimately, we stress that a "one-size-fits-all" approach (Robbins, 1985) is not suitable for forensic applications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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One size fits all? Stature estimation from footprints and the effect of substrate and speed on footprint creation

Wiseman

Groote

2021

The Anatomical Record

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Estimation of stature from footprint lengths is a common prediction in forensic cases and in paleoanthropology upon the discovery of fossil footprints. Many studies, which have estimated stature from footprints, generally use a "onesize-fits-all" approach that usually involves applying a known ratio of foot length to total stature to do so, although this method has fallen out of practice in forensic cases in recent years but is still commonly used for fossil trace evidence. Yet, we know that substrate and speed can change the dimensions of a footprint, so why are these "one-size-fits-all" approaches still used today? We tested footprint production across different substrates at a walk, a fast walk, and a jog. We calculated how accurately footprint dimensions were impressed between these different conditions and identified sources of error in footprint lengths, and the percentage changes of how significantly a footprint can change in length between different conditions. We provide a table with different ratios that we encourage practitioners/field scientists to refer to and use when estimating stature from footprints, with respect to the substrate on which the footprint was created and the speed at which it was created. We actively encourage researchers to add the ratios by testing more substrates so that in the future stature can be more accurately estimated, thus aiding the paleoanthropological community, but also forensic investigations by statistically highlighting how different conditions can affect trace dimensions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

One size fits all? Stature estimation from footprints and the effect of substrate and speed on footprint creation

Wiseman

Groote

2021

The Anatomical Record

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“…In terms of the ability to track movement around a crime scene using carpet traces, this is illustrated in various ways in sample shoes from a manufacturer matching the tread pattern, it is not possible to produce a precise estimate of shoe size. This is further complicated by the fact that dynamic traces are known to be larger than static impressions (e.g., [14,18]).…”

Section: Re Sults and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery via SfM photogrammetry of latent footprint impressions in carpet

Larsen

Budka

Bennett

2021

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Footwear outsole impressions are some of the most common types of trace evidence across a range of crime scene types in Europe and the USA [1][2][3]. The type of evidence falls into two broad categories, either two-dimensional or three-dimensional impressions and the latter are sometimes referred to as plastic traces [3]. At indoor crime scenes, 2D traces form the bulk of the evidence and may be either visible or latent [4]. Hong et al. [5] state that most impressions found at crime scenes are latent. Three-dimensional impressions can be found at indoor crime scenes in discarded/spilt food items, on paper towels, body parts, and as latent traces in carpet. It is the potential for 3D latent carpet traces which form the focus of this technical note.Footwear outsole impressions, and bare footprints, are common at crime scenes especially those where bodily fluids have been tracked around a location by either a victim or assailant [6][7][8][9]. Discussion of 3D versions of these traces, in materials such as carpets, is currently limited to that by the footwear expert William Bodziak in his seminal book [6]. He categorizes all outsole impressions by their level of permanency and goes on to state that depressed carpet may remain visible; however, is "usually of little value beyond indicating some general size, shape and design features of the suspect's footwear and the areas where the suspect(s) walked." He states that photography is the only way to recover this type of impression but does also discuss the use of electrostatic lifting for a 2D context. The use of ultraviolet crime lights or oblique lighting may help reveal such traces and aid photography. With the increasing availability of Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry [10,11], 3D recovery of these latent carpet traces is now possible and our aim here is to illustrate this

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“…Key Words: Anatomy, congenital abnormalities and ear surgery, criminalistics, ear morphology, ear photographs, ear prints, identification, likelihood ratios (J Craniofac Surg 2022;33: 1093-1098) F orensic comparative studies examine characteristic traits that are unique or individualistic to establish the identity of an individual. These remarkable characteristics in humans include fingerprints, 1,2 footprints, [3][4][5] morphological facial features, [6][7][8] voice, 9,10 iris, 11,12 lip prints, 13,14 palatal rugae, 15,16 etc. The human external ear also exhibits variations in the morphological features that may be considered to be individualistic traits of an individual.…”

Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristic Features of Ear and Ear-Prints in Forensic Identification

Rani

Krishan

Sahani

et al. 2021

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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The nature of the research work was explained to the participants and written consent was obtained from each participant before initiating the study. All the authors have given their consent for publication of this article and approved the final version of the manuscript The study is a part of a Master's project and the raw data is available with one of the authors (DR) who has been nominated as a guarantor for the work. DR accepts full responsibility for the work and/or the conduct of the study, had access to the data, and controlled the decision to publish. The authors report no conflicts of interest. Supplemental digital contents are available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's web site (www.jcraniofacialsurgery.com).

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Comparative analysis of static and dynamic bare footprint dimensions in a north Indian population

Cited by 13 publications

References 58 publications

One size fits all? Stature estimation from footprints and the effect of substrate and speed on footprint creation

One size fits all? Stature estimation from footprints and the effect of substrate and speed on footprint creation

Recovery via SfM photogrammetry of latent footprint impressions in carpet

Characteristic Features of Ear and Ear-Prints in Forensic Identification

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