Comparative analysis of standby systems with unreliable server and switching failure

Kuo, Ching-Chang; Ke, Jau‐Chuan

doi:10.1016/j.ress.2015.09.001

Cited by 36 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The N+1 redundancy itself has many real-world applications. One of the examples is a network device, DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer), which connects the customer's end to the Internet through NICs (Network Interface Cards) [4,10]. There may be multiple primary NICs and one standby NIC on DSLAM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When one of the primary NICs is faulty, services can be switched to the standby NIC. The switchover of the standby NIC to primary mode may fail due to hardware or software issues [10]. The failed NICs can be fixed through the remote server, which may also function wrongly [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In realistic environments the repair process is possible to be interrupted [10]. Therefore, considering an interrupted repair in a repairable system is practical and imperative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bosse et al [2] estimated the availability of a redundancy model with imperfect switchovers and interrupted repairs by using a Petri net Monte Carlo simulation. Kuo and Ke [10] and Lee [13] studied the steady-state availability of series systems with switching failures, interrupted repairs, and generally distributed repair time. However, they did not distinguish between the repairs of the component failures and the imperfect switchovers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The switchover of the standby NIC to primary mode may fail due to hardware or software issues [10]. The failed NICs can be fixed through the remote server, which may also function wrongly [10]. Other examples include: Servers designed with multiple power supplies with one reserved as a cold backup [15]; A bank website deployed to a cloud platform, which has a dynamic number of active instances with a running backup always ready to replace a failed instance [19]; A factory having multiple industrial robots and one backup [17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Availability analysis of series redundancy models with imperfect switchover and interrupted repairs

Shim¹,

Ryu²,

Lee³

2017

EiN

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Article citation info: Shim J, Ryu h, Lee y. Availability analysis of series redundancy models with imperfect switchover and interrupted repairs. eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc -maintenance and Reliability 2017; 19 (4): 640-649, http://dx.doi.org/10.17531/ein.2017.4.19 IntroductionThe availability of a system is defined as the probability that the system is operational at a point in time [16,25]. High availability is becoming a must in various domains such as telecommunication networks, power plants, and industrial and manufacturing systems [5, 16,27]. During the past years, many efforts have been made to improve system availability.Redundancy is a common approach to improve system availability [6]. The redundancy service can offer different levels of availability depending on its redundancy model. Availability Management Framework [16] defines the following four redundancy models: 2N, N+M, N-way, and N-way active. The 2N redundancy model ensures one standby replica for each component in active mode. The active components execute the service, while the standby components are ready to take over the active role if the active components fail. The N+M redundancy model extends the 2N redundancy by allowing more than two components to be active or standby. In the N+M redundancy, N represents the number of components in active mode and M represents the number of components in standby. The N-way redundancy model extends the N+M redundancy allowing a component to be simultaneously active and standby for different services. Lastly, the N-way active redundancy model differs from the 2N, N+M, and N-way redundancy, as it does not support standby service assignments, but allows a service to be assigned active to several components [16].The availability analysis of a redundancy model is based on analyzing the various states that the model undergoes during its lifespan [21]. The analysis mainly focuses on capturing the failures that cause the system to switch to a faulty state and the repairs that shift the system back to a healthy state [6]. Since the occurrence of failures is erratic by nature, stochastic models have been used to conduct the availability analysis [20]. Markovian models have been extensively used for this purpose because of their expressiveness and their capability of capturing the complexity of real systems [1,[23][24][25]. One of the major problems of using Markovian models is that a large number of states are required to represent the model accurately [1]. As an alternative, Kanso et al. [6] various redundancy models and evaluated the availability by using the Stochastic Petri Net Package (SPNP). Kim et al. [9] analyzed the networking service availability of 2N redundancy model with nonstop forwarding by using the SPNP. The analytic-numeric methods of SPNP provide the capabilities of solving the Markovian SRNs but fail for non-Markovian SRNs. Actually there is no reason to assume Markov property in modeling of repairable systems [11]. Recently, modeling and analysis of repairable systems with general rep...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In realistic environments the repair process is possible to be interrupted [10]. Therefore, considering an interrupted repair in a repairable system is practical and imperative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%