Comparative Analysis of Receptor Types That Identify Primary Cortical Sensory Areas

Zilles, Karl; Palomero-Gallagher, Nicola

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804042-3.00043-9

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…This could be confirmed for V1 in the present study by new measurements at different sites in the cortical areas and by a partly new sample of brains (Figure 2 ). A similar outcome for previously reported noradrenergic α 2 and serotonergic 5-HT 2 receptors in primary sensory areas (Zilles and Palomero-Gallagher, 2017 ) was also observed in the present study, again using a partly new sample of brains. Accordingly, the previously mentioned principal classifications of cortical areas as primary visual, unimodal visual or higher visual cortices (Caspers et al, 2015 ) is confirmed by the detection of characteristic levels of densities of single or several (fingerprints) receptor types in a brain-wide analysis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Cortical layers—as defined in classical architectonic studies (Brodmann, 1909 ; von Economo and Koskinas, 1925 )—differ by cell types (Markram et al, 2004 ; Xu and Callaway, 2009 ; DeFelipe et al, 2013 ; Jiang et al, 2015 ), number or packing density of cells (von Economo and Koskinas, 1925 ; Haug et al, 1984 ; Zilles et al, 1986 ; Meyer et al, 2010 ), density of myelinated fibers (Vogt and Vogt, 1919 ; Annese et al, 2004 ), and densities of various transmitter receptors (e.g., Cortés et al, 1986 , 1987 ; Hoyer et al, 1986a , b ; Pazos et al, 1987a , b ; Jansen et al, 1989 ; Scheperjans et al, 2005a ; Eickhoff et al, 2008 ; Amunts et al, 2010 ; Vogt et al, 2013 ; Zilles and Palomero-Gallagher, 2017 ). For recent reviews see Nieuwenhuys ( 2013 ) and Zilles et al ( 2015b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple Transmitter Receptors in Regions and Layers of the Human Cerebral Cortex

2017

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We measured the densities (fmol/mg protein) of 15 different receptors of various transmitter systems in the supragranular, granular and infragranular strata of 44 areas of visual, somatosensory, auditory and multimodal association systems of the human cerebral cortex. Receptor densities were obtained after labeling of the receptors using quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography in human postmortem brains. The mean density of each receptor type over all cortical layers and of each of the three major strata varies between cortical regions. In a single cortical area, the multi-receptor fingerprints of its strata (i.e., polar plots, each visualizing the densities of multiple different receptor types in supragranular, granular or infragranular layers of the same cortical area) differ in shape and size indicating regional and laminar specific balances between the receptors. Furthermore, the three strata are clearly segregated into well definable clusters by their receptor fingerprints. Fingerprints of different cortical areas systematically vary between functional networks, and with the hierarchical levels within sensory systems. Primary sensory areas are clearly separated from all other cortical areas particularly by their very high muscarinic M2 and nicotinic α4β2 receptor densities, and to a lesser degree also by noradrenergic α2 and serotonergic 5-HT2 receptors. Early visual areas of the dorsal and ventral streams are segregated by their multi-receptor fingerprints. The results are discussed on the background of functional segregation, cortical hierarchies, microstructural types, and the horizontal (layers) and vertical (columns) organization in the cerebral cortex. We conclude that a cortical column is composed of segments, which can be assigned to the cortical strata. The segments differ by their patterns of multi-receptor balances, indicating different layer-specific signal processing mechanisms. Additionally, the differences between the strata-and area-specific fingerprints of the 44 areas reflect the segregation of the cerebral cortex into functionally and topographically definable groups of cortical areas (visual, auditory, somatosensory, limbic, motor), and reveals their hierarchical position (primary and unimodal (early) sensory to higher sensory and finally to multimodal association areas).Highlights Densities of transmitter receptors vary between areas of human cerebral cortex.Multi-receptor fingerprints segregate cortical layers.The densities of all examined receptor types together reach highest values in the supragranular stratum of all areas.The lowest values are found in the infragranular stratum.Multi-receptor fingerprints of entire areas and their layers segregate functional systemsCortical types (primary sensory, motor, multimodal association) differ in their receptor fingerprints.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Transmitter Receptors in Regions and Layers of the Human Cerebral Cortex

2017

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“…Our new schematic map of the arcopallium/amygdala complex allows a more precise comparison of the receptor architecture to mammalian (pre)‐motor, other cortical as well as amygdala subregions. Although absolute densities of binding sites vary between different species, relative differences between regional densities are mostly comparable (Herold et al, ; Zilles & Palomero‐Gallagher, ). For example, in the (pre)‐motor regions of different mammalian species, NMDA and GABA A receptors showed the highest densities, and M 1 /α 1 receptors were higher expressed compared to M 2 /α 2 receptors (Gebhard et al, ; Geyer et al, ; Herold et al, ; Palomero‐Gallagher, Schleicher, Zilles, & Loscher, ; Palomero‐Gallagher & Zilles, ; Zilles et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although absolute densities of binding sites vary between different species, relative differences between regional densities are mostly comparable (Herold et al, 2015;Zilles & Palomero-Gallagher, 2016).…”

Section: General Comparisons Of the Avian Arcopallium Complex To Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the expression of multiple transmitter receptors in the brain has been proven as a powerful tool to delineate different areas, and to identify similarities among regions between various mammalian species (Palomero‐Gallagher, Zilles, Schleicher, & Vogt, ; Vogt et al, ; Zilles, ; Zilles & Palomero‐Gallagher, ) and also between birds and mammals (Herold et al, ; Herold et al, ; Jarvis et al, ; Kubikova, Wada, & Jarvis, ; Lovell, Clayton, Replogle, & Mello, ; Sun & Reiner, ; Wada, Sakaguchi, Jarvis, & Hagiwara, ), we analyzed the neurotransmitter receptor‐, myelo‐ and cellular‐architecture of the pigeon's arcopallium/amygdala complex. The resulting detailed map of this region can be used as a basis for comparisons to the mammalian amygdala complex and cortical areas in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmitter receptors reveal segregation of the arcopallium/amygdala complex in pigeons (Columba livia)

Herold

Paulitschek

Palomero-Gallagher

et al. 2017

J of Comparative Neurology

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At the beginning of the 20th century it was suggested that a complex group of nuclei in the avian posterior ventral telencephalon is comparable to the mammalian amygdala. Subsequent findings, however, revealed that most of these structures share premotor characteristics, while some indeed constitute the avian amygdala. These developments resulted in 2004 in a change of nomenclature of these nuclei, which from then on were named arcopallial or amygdala nuclei and referred to as the arcopallium/amygdala complex. The structural basis for the similarities between avian and mammalian arcopallial and amygdala subregions is poorly understood. Therefore, we analyzed binding site densities for glutamatergic AMPA, NMDA and kainate, GABAergic GABA , muscarinic M , M and nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh; α β subtype), noradrenergic α and α , serotonergic 5-HT and dopaminergic D receptors using quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography combined with a detailed analysis of the cyto- and myelo-architecture. Our approach supports a segregation of the pigeon's arcopallium/amygdala complex into the following subregions: the arcopallium anterius (AA), the arcopallium ventrale (AV), the arcopallium dorsale (AD), the arcopallium intermedium (AI), the arcopallium mediale (AM), the arcopallium posterius (AP), the nucleus posterioris amygdalopallii pars basalis (PoAb) and pars compacta (PoAc), the nucleus taeniae amgygdalae (TnA) and the area subpallialis amygdalae (SpA). Some of these subregions showed further subnuclei and each region of the arcopallium/amygdala complex are characterized by a distinct multi-receptor density expression. Here we provide a new detailed map of the pigeon's arcopallium/amygdala complex and compare the receptor architecture of the subregions to their possible mammalian counterparts.

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Topographical and structural characterization of the V1–V2 transition zone in the visual cortex of the long‐finned pilot whale Globicephala melas (Traill, 1809)

Graïc

Peruffo

Grandis

et al. 2020

The Anatomical Record

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The visual system of cetaceans is at best poorly understood. With a handful of electrophysiological studies and a limited number of histological preparations from well‐preserved specimen, the investigation of the principles underlying the cortical organization in cetaceans remains a challenge. In the course of our current investigation, we identified the transition from V2 to V1 in the long‐finned pilot whale Globicephala melas, only recognizable through immunocytochemistry, and a similar if not homologue transition in the sheep Ovis aries. Our results emphasize the importance of differential pattern recognition in which the application of different markers uncovers a diversity in a delphinid’s cortex, formerly widely considered as uniform and archetypal. In fact, the evidence that we present suggests the existence of relatively unacknowledged areas beyond the well‐known sensory territories in cetaceans.

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Comparative Analysis of Receptor Types That Identify Primary Cortical Sensory Areas

Cited by 13 publications

References 101 publications

Multiple Transmitter Receptors in Regions and Layers of the Human Cerebral Cortex

Multiple Transmitter Receptors in Regions and Layers of the Human Cerebral Cortex

Transmitter receptors reveal segregation of the arcopallium/amygdala complex in pigeons (Columba livia)

Topographical and structural characterization of the V1–V2 transition zone in the visual cortex of the long‐finned pilot whale Globicephala melas (Traill, 1809)

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