Comparative analysis of radix-2, radix-4, radix-8 CORDIC processors

Rudagi, J. M.; Subbaraman, Shaila

doi:10.1109/icici.2017.8365377

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Electronics 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 18 [13][14][15][16][17]. Some of the improved CORDIC algorithms have been widely used in radar digital beamforming (DBF) systems.…”

Section: Conventional Cordic Rotator Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NR-8 CORDIC algorithm and several conventional algorithms are implemented on a Xilinx FPGA (xcku040-ffva1156) including the evaluations of the critical RU, clock latency and power consumption, and these conventional algorithms are R-2, R-4 and R-8 [11][12][13]15]. Note that in the experiments, the 16, 8 and 6-level pipelines are used for R-2, R-4 and R-8 CORDIC cores to achieve the same accuracy, respectively [15]. Table 2 lists RU comparisons of the R-2, R-4 and R-8 CORDIC algorithms with the NR-8 CORDIC algorithm by using a synthesis tool (Vivado 2019.2) (2019.2, Xilinx, San Jose, CA, USA, 2019).…”

Section: Ru Comparison Of Conventional Cordic Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comparisons of performance of the newly developed algorithms [12][13][14][15] with the NR-8 CORDIC algorithm are shown in Table 3. The conventional Radix-X CORDIC algorithms, such as the R-2 CORDIC with m-bit precision, require m iterations.…”

Section: Performance Comparison Of Newly Developed Cordic Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To further enhance the efficiency, more progress has been made by improving the architecture of the CORDIC algorithm to achieve a more efficient algorithm, such as the Scaling-Free (SF) CORDIC, Radix-4 CORDIC, Radix-8 CORDIC and low-latency Hybrid (LLH) CORDIC algorithms [13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Noniterative Radix-8 CORDIC Algorithm with Low Latency and High Efficiency

Tang

Feng

2020

Electronics

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An efficient, noniterative Radix-8 (NR-8) coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC) algorithm is proposed for low-latency and high-efficiency computation of the functions of sine, cosine, or the phase shift, with which the values of the functions are precisely computed by only using the angle in a narrow range of [0, π/12] rather than in a wide angle range of [0, π/2]. This algorithm is expressed by a formula that simplifies the traditional iterative processes by using a complex multiplier. The results obtained from the simulation and the experiment on an FPGA show that the NR-8 CORDIC algorithm operates well, with which the 16-bit precision output is extremely precise, with only 0.012% of the absolute error for computing the sine or cosine function with a step of 0.001°. Compared with the best conventional CORDIC algorithm, the clock latency of this algorithm significantly decreases down to less than 50%, only needs half of the logic resources and consumes half of the power. This algorithm also takes advantages over other newly improved CORDIC algorithms and requires less than half of the clock latency, even for a 23-bit precision output. Therefore, this algorithm could provide a potential application in real-time systems such as radar digital beamforming.

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“…Electronics 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 18 [13][14][15][16][17]. Some of the improved CORDIC algorithms have been widely used in radar digital beamforming (DBF) systems.…”

Section: Conventional Cordic Rotator Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ru Comparison Of Conventional Cordic Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Performance Comparison Of Newly Developed Cordic Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Noniterative Radix-8 CORDIC Algorithm with Low Latency and High Efficiency

Tang

Feng

2020

Electronics

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“…Divider design in embedded processors uses two main types of algorithms: the first type is the digital recursive method, such as the restoring algorithm [ 4 , 5 ] and non-restoring [ 6 ] algorithm; the second type is the iterative approximation method, such as Newton–Raphson algorithm [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], the CORDIC algorithm [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], and the Goldschmidt algorithm [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Iterative approximation methods can be designed as a pipeline structure, and the convergence speed is faster than that of digital recursive methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Latency Divider Design for Embedded Processors

Wei

Yang

Chen

2022

Sensors

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Division is generally regarded as a low-frequency, high-latency operation in integer operations. Division is also the operation that stalls the processor pipeline most frequently. In order to improve the overall performance of embedded processors, a low-delay divider for embedded processors was designed. Based on the non-restoring algorithm, the divider uses a compound adder to execute addition and subtraction simultaneously and reduces the iteration path delay. By shifting the operands to align the most effective bits, the divider dynamically adjusts the number of iteration cycles to reduce the average number of cycles in the division process. The divider design was simulated by Modelsim and implemented on a FPGA board for verification. Synthesized in a Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC) 65 nm Low Leakage process, the achieved frequency of the design was up to 500 MHz and the area cost was 5670.36 μm2. Compared with other dividers, the proposed divider design can reduce the delay of single iteration by up to 45.3%, save the average number of iteration cycles by 20–50%, and save the area by 23.3–86.1%. Compared with other dividers implemented on FPGA, it saves LUTs by 36.47–59.6% and FFs by 67–84.28%, runs 2–6.36 times faster. Therefore, the proposed design is suitable for embedded processors that require low power consumption, low resource consumption, and high performance.

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Research on a method of high precision frequency measurement based on coordinate rotation digital computer algorithm and Kalman filter

Zeng

Tian

et al. 2023

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Frequency measurement is one of the key techniques in high-precision data acquisition technology of broadband signals. Generally, frequency measurement not only needs to deal with a large amount of data processing but also requires a high precision, but these two aspects are sometimes difficult to reconcile. Some algorithms are overly dependent on the accuracy of the to-be-measured data, which might not be the desired option for real projects since it is almost impossible to get ideal error-free data. This article adopts a frequency measurement method based on the coordinate rotation digital computer algorithm, differential algorithm, and Kalman filter. The use of these algorithms for the frequency measurement process would not only simplify the calculation but also reduce the effect of the measurement error. This method can measure all signals that satisfy the sampling theorem and can also measure multi-channel parallel signals. The experimental results of data simulation and actual measurement on the hardware platform show that the accurate frequency measurement algorithm has a strong data processing ability, stable measurement, and steady improvement in the accuracy of measurement results, which can meet the needs of most instruments for accurate frequency measurement. The measurement error could be reduced to the percentile by the Kalman filter and could be reduced to below the thousandth by the combining the algorithms.

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Comparative analysis of radix-2, radix-4, radix-8 CORDIC processors

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

A Noniterative Radix-8 CORDIC Algorithm with Low Latency and High Efficiency

A Noniterative Radix-8 CORDIC Algorithm with Low Latency and High Efficiency

A Low-Latency Divider Design for Embedded Processors

Research on a method of high precision frequency measurement based on coordinate rotation digital computer algorithm and Kalman filter

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