Comparative analysis of prebiotic effects of four oligosaccharides usingin vitrogut model: digestibility, microbiome, and metabolome changes

Abstract

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), Ad-fructooligosaccharides (Ad-FOS), resistant maltodextrin (RMD), and maltooligosaccharides (MOS) are commercially available prebiotic oligosaccharides. In this study, the effects of prebiotics on the human gut microbial ecosystem were evaluated using an in vitro gut model. FOS and Ad-FOS showed tolerance to digestion, whereas RMD and MOS showed moderate digestion by digestive enzymes. In in vitro fecal fermentation, Bifidobacterium spp. increased in the following order: FOS, Ad-FOS, MOS, and RMD, whereas Bacteroides spp. increased in RMD medium. Bacteroides xylanisolvens exhibited cross-feeding by enabling the growth of other beneficial bacteria during co-culture in RMD medium. In metabolome analysis, total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were highly produced in the following order: RMD, FOS, MOS, and Ad-FOS; acetate in the order of FOS, MOS/RMD, and Ad-FOS; butyrate in the order of RMD, MOS, FOS, and Ad-FOS; and propionate only in RMD. In addition, the conversion of betaine to trimethylamine was rarely affected in the following order: MOS, RMD, FOS, and Ad-FOS. Lastly, the four oligosaccharides inhibited the adhesion of pathogenic Escherichia coli to human epithelial cells to a similar extent. The comparative analysis results obtained in this study will provide comprehensive information of these substances to manufacturers and customers.

Beneficial effect of synbiotic combination of Limosilactobacillus fermentum FS-10, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Lp1-IC and short-chain Fructooligosaccharides in colitis murine model

“…Various strains of L. plantarum and L. fermentum have been documented to utilize scFOS and produce metabolites. [13,14] L. rhamnosus GG is a non-FOS fermenting strain and hence we do not get any appreciable growth or metabolite production in presence of scFOS. [15][16][17][18].…”

Synergistic Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Kale Juice Fermented with Limosilactobacills reuteri EFEL6901 or Limosilactobacills fermentum EFEL6800

“…A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's test (for normally distributed data) was employed to compare significant differences in metabolite changes between the before and after fermentation with different starter strains. All p-values were corrected using the FDR correction method [32].…”

The Usefulness of Resistant Maltodextrin and Chitosan Oligosaccharide in Management of Gut Leakage and Microbiota in Chronic Kidney Disease

“…However, indigestible, fermentable, resistant maltodextrin was proven to have prebiotic functions, as consumption of RMD increased gut microbiota richness, particularly the Bifidobacteria count, and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production [40][41][42]. Recent reports revealed that when compared to FOS, RDM intake was more efficient in the production of acetate, butyrate, propionate, and total SCFA, as well as lower in trimethylamine synthesis [13,43]. However, evidence was lacking about the impact of RMD on disease prevention, including intestinal epithelium and kidney health.…”

“…Recent studies disclosed the usefulness of other prebiotics in modifying gut microbiota and modulating gut and other systemic diseases. Chitosan, as a non-plant derived prebiotic, was used to treat bowel inflammation and metabolic syndrome [11,12], and maltodextrin, a starch commonly used as a placebo, was lately reported to contain prebiotic properties [13].…”