Comparative Analysis of Policosanols Related to Growth Times from the Seedlings of Various Korean Oat (Avena sativa L.) Cultivars and Screening for Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activation

Abstract

The objectives of this research were to evaluate the policosanol profiles and adenosine-5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) properties in the seedlings of Korean oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars at different growth times. Nine policosanols in the silylated hexane extracts were detected using GC-MS and their contents showed considerable differences; specifically, hexacosanol (6) exhibited the highest composition, constituting 88–91% of the total average content. Moreover, the average hexacosanol (6) contents showed remarkable variations of 337.8 (5 days) → 416.8 (7 days) → 458.9 (9 days) → 490.0 (11 days) → 479.2 (13 days) → 427.0 mg/100 g (15 days). The seedlings collected at 11 days showed the highest average policosanol content (541.7 mg/100 g), with the lowest content being 383.4 mg/100 g after 5 days. Interestingly, policosanols from oat seedlings grown for 11 days induced the most prevalent phenotype of AMPK activation in HepG2 cells, indicating that policosanols are an excellent AMPK activator.

Cuban Sugar Cane Wax Alcohol Exhibited Enhanced Antioxidant, Anti-Glycation and Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein (rHDL) with Improved Structural and Functional Correlations: Comparison of Various Policosanols

“…Policosanol is a mixture of aliphatic alcohols ranging from 24 to 34 carbon atoms [ 1 , 2 ], such as octacosanol, triacontanol, dotriacontanol, hexacosanol, and tetratriacontanol as the major components, which are purified from sugar cane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) wax [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] or various plants, such as oats [ 4 ] and barley [ 5 ], insects [ 6 , 7 ], and bees wax [ 8 ]. Many policosanols have been purified from various plant sources, such as sugar cane, rice bran [ 9 , 10 , 11 ], wheat germ, and barley sprout.…”

Beneficial Effect of Cuban Policosanol on Blood Pressure and Serum Lipoproteins Accompanied with Lowered Glycated Hemoglobin and Enhanced High-Density Lipoprotein Functionalities in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, and Double-Blinded Trial with Healthy Japanese

“…Policosanol is a mixture of aliphatic alcohols ranging from 24–34 carbon atoms [ 1 , 2 ], such as octacosanol, triacontanol, dotriacontanol, hexacosanol, and tetratriacontanol, which are purified from sugar cane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) wax [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] or various plants, such as oats [ 4 ], barley [ 5 ], insects [ 6 , 7 ], and bees wax [ 8 ]. Many policosanols from different sources have been claimed to treat blood dyslipidemia [ 9 , 10 ], diabetes [ 11 ], hypertension [ 12 , 13 ], and dementia [ 14 , 15 ] by raising the HDL-C level and lowering the LDL-C level.…”

Comparison of Policosanol Profiles of the Sprouts of Wheat Mutant Lines and the Effect of Differential LED Lights on Selected Lines

“…Several studies have analyzed the PC contents of different varieties of wheat and barley sprouts cultivated at different growth times and under different LED light conditions [6,7,25,26]. However, the PC contents of wheat mutant lines developed via gamma-irradiated mutation breeding have not yet been evaluated.…”

“…Recently, several in vivo studies have also shown that PCs have protective effects against Alzheimer's [14,15] and Parkinson's diseases [16]. Hence, researchers investigated the composition and content of PCs in cereal sprouts, including wheat, barley, and oats [6,7,25,26]. However, the PC content in wheat mutant lines developed via gamma-irradiated mutation breeding has not been studied thus far.…”