Comparative analysis of Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate-reductase gene sequences from different regions of India

Kumar, Amit; Gahlawat, Suresh Kumar; Singh, Vineeta

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03715

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

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“…One recent study has shown increasing prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the dihydrofolate reductase ( dhfr ) gene of P. falciparum from different regions in India [ 73 ]. Although chloroquine had been discontinued for nearly a decade, a higher abundance of mutated P. falciparum chloroquine-resistant transporter ( pfcrt ) and a lower prevalence of mutated P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 ( pfmdr1 ), which confer resistance to chloroquine, were observed [ 74 , 75 ]. Mutant alleles of pvmdr1 gene were also observed among P. vivax from New Delhi Capital Region [ 76 ], Chandigarh in North India [ 77 ] and the southwestern coastal region in South India [ 78 ].…”

Section: Malaria Status Among Countries Contributing Most Of the Imported Malaria Cases In Gcc Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Epidemiological Characteristics of Imported Malaria, Vector Control Status and Malaria Elimination Prospects in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries

et al. 2021

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Malaria is the most common vector-borne parasitic infection causing significant human morbidity and mortality in nearly 90 tropical/sub-tropical countries worldwide. Significant differences exist in the incidence of malaria cases, dominant Plasmodium species, drug-resistant strains and mortality rates in different countries. Six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, UAE) in the Middle East region with similar climates, population demographics and economic prosperity are aiming to achieve malaria elimination. In this narrative review, all studies indexed in PubMed describing epidemiological characteristics of indigenous and imported malaria cases, vector control status and how malaria infections can be controlled to achieve malaria elimination in GCC countries were reviewed and discussed. These studies have shown that indigenous malaria cases are absent in Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar and UAE and have progressively declined in Oman and Saudi Arabia. However, imported malaria cases continue to occur as GCC countries have large expatriate populations originating from malaria-endemic countries. Various malaria control and prevention strategies adopted by GCC countries including more stringent measures to reduce the likelihood of importing malaria cases by prior screening of newly arriving expatriates and vector elimination programs are likely to lead to malaria elimination in this region.

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Section: Malaria Status Among Countries Contributing Most Of the Imported Malaria Cases In Gcc Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Epidemiological Characteristics of Imported Malaria, Vector Control Status and Malaria Elimination Prospects in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries

et al. 2021

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How can the complex epidemiology of malaria in India impact its elimination?

Khan¹,

Awasthi²,

Das³

2023

Trends in Parasitology

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Artemisinin combination therapy fails even in the absence of Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 gene polymorphism in Central India

Das

Kar

Manna

et al. 2021

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Artemisinin is the frontline fast-acting anti-malarial against P. falciparum. Emergence and spread of resistant parasite in eastern-India poses a threat to national malaria control programs. Therefore, the objective of our study is to evaluate the artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine efficacy in Central India. 180 monoclonal P. falciparum-infected patients received standard ASSP therapy during August 2015–January 2017, soon after diagnosis and monitored over next 42-days. Artemisinin-resistance was assessed through in-vivo parasite clearance half-life (PC1/2), ex-vivo ring-stage survivability (RSA), and genome analysis of kelch13 and other candidate gene (pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfatpase 6, pfdhfr and pfdhps). Of 180 P. falciparum positive patients, 9.5% showed increased PC1/2 (> 5.5 h), among them eleven isolates (6.1%) showed reduced sensitivity to RSA. In 4.4% of cases, parasites were not cleared by 72 h and showed prolonged PC1/2(5.6 h) (P < 0.005) along with significantly higher RSA (2.2%) than cured patients (0.4%). None of day-3 positive isolates contained the pfkelch13 mutation implicated in artemisinin resistance. Parasite recrudescence was observed in 5.6% patients, which was associated with triple dhfr–dhps (A16I51R59N108I164–S436G437K540G581T613) combination mutation. Emergence of reduced sensitivity to artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, in central India highlighted the risk toward spread of resistant parasite across different parts of India. Day-3 positive parasite, featuring the phenotype of artemisinin-resistance without pfkelch13 mutation, suggested kelch13-independent artemisinin-resistance.

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Comparative analysis of Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate-reductase gene sequences from different regions of India

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Current Epidemiological Characteristics of Imported Malaria, Vector Control Status and Malaria Elimination Prospects in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries

Current Epidemiological Characteristics of Imported Malaria, Vector Control Status and Malaria Elimination Prospects in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries

How can the complex epidemiology of malaria in India impact its elimination?

Artemisinin combination therapy fails even in the absence of Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 gene polymorphism in Central India

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