Comparative Analysis of Over-the-Counter Tablet Preparations of Isoflavones Extracted from Soy Available in Portugal

Campos, Maria Graça; Paranhos, António; Matos, Miguel P.; Câmara, Maria T.; Cunha, Margarida M.; Pinto, Paula Ramos; Silvestre, Armando J. D.; Amado, Francisco M. L.; Neto, Carlos Pascoal

doi:10.1177/1934578x0600101111

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The data presented in Campos and Costa (2012) show a wide range of isoflavone levels that different products in the market may provide to the consumer in some European countries. Even when isoflavone extracts from soy are recommended as therapeutics in some over-the-counter (OTC) tablet preparations, the profile of the relative concentrations of the different constituents is not consistent across all brands (Campos et al 2006). It is relevant to mention that the majority of soy suppliers breed a wide range of soy cultivars, and despite we showed in Figs.…”

Section: Marketed Productsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…A similar concern pertains to isoflavones, of which soybeans have an average content of 1-2 mg/g (Campos et al 2006; http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/ DB12007).…”

Section: Bioactive Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structures found are mostly malonyl-glycosylated derivatives of genistein (IUPAC name: 5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one; MF: C 15 H 10 O 5 ; MW: 270.24 g/mol), daidzein (IUPAC name: 7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) chromen-4-one; MF: C 15 H 10 O 4 ; MW: 254.241 g/mol), and glycitein (IUPAC name: 7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methoxychromen-4-one; MF: C 16 H 12 O 5 ; MW: 284.267 g/mol), which account for an average of 70-50%, 40-20%, and less than 10% of the isoflavones, respectively (Campos et al 2006). The total isoflavones in soy can also be expressed as glycosides and malonyl glycosides of the main aglyconesfor instance, 67-516 μg/g daidzin, 91-1079 μg/g genistin, 12-177 μg/g glycitin, 217-768 μg/g malonyldaidzin, 43-158 μg/g malonylglycitin, 64-2446 malonylgenistin, and 4.3-265 μg/g genistein (http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/ DB12007).…”

Section: Bioactive Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soy Isoflavones

Campos¹

2020

Handbook of Dietary Phytochemicals

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Soy and its bioactive compounds, isoflavones, have become a hot issue in the last 20 years. Increased breeding of the plant has created a strong market in many countries. Nevertheless, the cross-consumption of foreign products is not safe for certain ethnic groups and requires risk assessment evaluation because of ethnic differences among populations that induce, for certain compounds, different end points in humans. For example, in Asians and white people, the intake of these compounds can have different bioactive effects. Chemically, isoflavones are isoflavonoids, a subgroup of polyphenolic compounds that have affinity for estrogen receptors and can act as endocrine disruptors in white people. Isoflavones from soy can also be found as constituents of astragalus roots, adzuki beans, chaste, green peas, chickpeas, lupins, kudzu, and red clover, among other plants. An extract named okara also contains isoflavones in variable concentrations and is a by-product of the production of soy preparations, such as tofu and soybean beverages. The main isoflavones isolated from soy are the malonyl glycosides of genistein, daidzein, and glycitein; these aglycones appear only in very low levels. All of these compounds undergo enterohepatic metabolism and are detoxicated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and 3A4, which imply an important potential to induce drug-herb interactions with concomitant intake. Recent research on bioactivity/toxicity of isoflavones has provided a perspective for potential health improvement, but sometimes these results are hard to compare in different ethnic groups. Correct evaluation of each extract in animal and clinical trials is the key to understanding the end points in order to assess safety. This chapter discusses, in detail, the future challenges for isoflavone-derived products, especially in the Western market.

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Section: Marketed Productsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…A similar concern pertains to isoflavones, of which soybeans have an average content of 1-2 mg/g (Campos et al 2006; http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/ DB12007).…”

Section: Bioactive Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bioactive Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soy Isoflavones

Campos¹

2020

Handbook of Dietary Phytochemicals

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“…The major conclusion of this comparative study was that important differences existed between the OTC formulations and the content of genistein and other isoflavones in raw soy seeds extracts. The quantification of the isoflavones present in OTC formulations was sometimes lower than the expected levels (the isoflavones content was analysed by HPLC/DAD and LC/MS-MS) [ 6 – 8 ]. These differences were extendable in many cases to the kind of isoflavones and in other cases to the lack of isoflavones themselves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aglycones only appeared in very low amounts. The seeds, supplied from the USDA Germplasm Bank, have a mixture of most of these compounds (conjugated or not) but also have low amounts, some times only traces, of the aglycones [ 6 – 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactivity of Isoflavones: Assessment through a Theoretical Model as a Way to Obtain a “Theoretical Efficacy Related to Estradiol (TERE)”

Campos

Matos

2010

IJMS

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Abstract:The increase of human life span will have profound implications in Public Health in decades to come. By 2030, there will be an estimated 1.2 billion women in postmenopause. Hormone Replacement Therapy with synthetic hormones is still full of risks and according to the latest developments, should be used for the shortest time possible. Searching for alternative drugs is inevitable in this scenario and science must provide physicians with other substances that can be used to treat the same symptoms with less side effects. Systematic research carried out on this field of study is focusing now on isoflavones but the randomised controlled trials and reviews of meta-analysis concerning postmenopause therapy, that could have an important impact on human health, are very controversial. The aim of the present work was to establish a theoretical calculation suitable for use as a way to estimate the "Theoretical Efficacy (TE)" of a mixture with different bioactive compounds as a way to obtain a "Theoretical Efficacy Related to Estradiol (TERE)". The theoretical calculation that we propose in this paper integrates different knowledge about this subject and sets methodological boundaries that can be used to analyse already published data. The outcome should set some consensus for new clinical trials using isoflavones (isolated or included in mixtures) that will be evaluated to assess their therapeutically activity. This theoretical method for evaluation of a possible efficacy could probably also be applied to other herbal drug extracts when a synergistic or OPEN ACCESSInt. J. Mol. Sci. 2010, 11 481 contradictory bio-effect is not verified. In this way, it we may contribute to enlighten and to the development of new therapeutic approaches.

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Determination of Phytoestrogen Composition in Soybean Cultivars in Serbia

Cvejić

Malenčić

Tepavcević

et al. 2009

Natural Product Communications

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The growing clinical interest and use of soybean-based food products and extracts to increase dietary phytoestrogen intake have led to medical interest in the precise determination of the phytoestrogen composition of soybean products. We have analyzed the composition of these compounds in 20 domestic and introduced varieties of genetically non-modified soybean genotypes grown under the same agroecological conditions. The isoflavone content of soybeans cultivated in this region of Serbia has not been previously reported. The assays were performed, after extraction with methanol-water (8:2, v/v), by C 18 reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection. The total phytoestrogen concentration was found to be between 2.24 and 3.79 mg g-1 dry bean weight. The total concentration of daidzein and its derivatives ranged from 0.96 to 1.82 mg g-1 , total glyciteines from 0.34-0.53 mg g-1 , and all genistein derivatives from 0.86-1.67 mg g-1 dry bean weight. Given the high biological potency of phytoestrogens and their metabolic conversion products, our data suggest that phytoestrogen content screening could be a useful tool in the selection of soybean genotypes with improved health promoting characteristics.

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Comparative Analysis of Over-the-Counter Tablet Preparations of Isoflavones Extracted from Soy Available in Portugal

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Soy Isoflavones

Soy Isoflavones

Bioactivity of Isoflavones: Assessment through a Theoretical Model as a Way to Obtain a “Theoretical Efficacy Related to Estradiol (TERE)”

Determination of Phytoestrogen Composition in Soybean Cultivars in Serbia

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