Comparative Analysis of Microwave based Joining/Welding of SS304-SS304 using Different Interfacing Materials

Bagha, Lucky; Shegal, Shankar; Thakur, Amit Kumar

doi:10.1051/matecconf/20165703001

Cited by 39 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The average micro-hardness in the joint was 340-380 Hv. Bagha et al (2016) used EWAC powder and Nickel based powder having a particle size of 50 m m to join the work material SS304. The result shows that the weldability of EWAC powder has greater weldability than the Nickel-based powder.…”

Section: Microwave Hybrid Heating Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Joining and characterization of SS-430 using microwave hybrid heating technique

Somani

Singh²,

Gupta

2021

JEDT

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to based upon the joining and characterization (mechanical and metallurgical) of ferritic stainless steel (SS)-430 using a microwave hybrid heating (MHH) phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach The preliminary experiments were conducted using nickel-based powder as interface material using a domestic microwave oven at a frequency of 2.45 GHz and 900 W power for 720 s. The processed joint was metallurgically characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Field emission scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical characterization was done by means of tensile and Vickers’ microhardness testing to check the hardness and strength of the joint. Findings The metallurgical study revealed that the microstructure and formation of numerous phases of Fe2Si3 accompanied by chromium and nickel carbides. The average hardness of 359 Hv at the center of the joint and 637 Hv around the boundaries of the joint was observed. The tensile strength of the joint was observed to 471 MPa with an elongation of 9.02%. The worn surface of the joint signifies the presence of plastic deformation and it was limited due to the presence of harder phases such as Ni3Si and Ni3C. Research limitations/implications The concept of microwave joining of metals is a very challenging task as the temperature can not be controlled in the inert atmosphere of the microwave. It has been also observed that at certain elevated temperatures, the material starts absorbing the microwaves; which is unknown. So, a more intensive study is required to overcome these kinds of limitations. Practical implications MHH technique can be used to process different materials such as ceramics, composites and polymers. SS-430 joined by microwave heating is highly corrosion resistive and has wide applications in refrigerators cabinet panels, dishwasher linings, chimney liners, lashing wires, etc. Originality/value As of the author’s best knowledge, no work has been reported on the joining of SS-430 which has huge potential in the industries. Also, no work has been reported on the characterization of microwave joined SS-430.

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Section: Microwave Hybrid Heating Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Joining and characterization of SS-430 using microwave hybrid heating technique

Somani

Singh²,

Gupta

2021

JEDT

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“…And a joint of stainless steel SS304 with nickel‐based powder at 50 μm using microwave heating was investigated. The results proved that the nickel base powder had excellent weldability and it was good joined on stainless steel SS304 as a low crack [19]. Mild steel was used to join nickel‐based powder at 900 W of microwave power and 2.45 GHz of microwave frequency using the microwave hybrid heating (MHH) process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on lap joining and characterization of tin (Sn) powder on stainless steel SS304 using microwave heating

Tayier,

Janasekaran,

Tai

2023

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Metal bonding via joints of low melting point materials such as zinc and tin has been technically challenging. This paper presents a unique technique for bonding small dimensions and the low melting point of materials through the microwave hybrid heating (MHH) process. Joint of stainless steel SS304 was applied to the joint with the tin (Sn) powder with the application of microwave radiation by using domestic microwave oven at 2.45 GHz of constant frequency, 200–360 W of microwave power, 120–180 s of exposure time, and 10–20 % of the epoxy rate. A developed heat chamber was used as a susceptor and insulator in the microwave hybrid heating (MHH) process. The tin powder and parent metals were strongly bonded as lap position by the microwave hybrid heating (MHH) process at 360 W of microwave power, 180 s of constant exposure time, and 20 % of the constant epoxy rate. Characterization of the joint was evaluated through microhardness and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis techniques. It was found that the intermetallic compounds (phase) of nickel tin (NiSn), iron tin (Fe1.84Sn), sulfur tin (SSn), chromium tin (Cr2Sn3), chromium tin (CrSn2), and tin phosphorus (SnP) at the joint surface with highest microhardness obtained at 498.4 HV 0.05 at 360 W of microwave power.

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“…44 Bagha et al successfully joined the stainless steel-304 (SS-304) with SS-304 with Nickel based EWAC powder and 99.9% pure Nickel powder, and claimed weldability >99.9% pure Nickel powder. 45 Mishra and Sharma reported on casting of copper established inside a multimode microwave at 1400 W and 2.45 GHz. The coupling of microwave radiation with the charge was studied and the significance of oxide film was presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The earlier researcher and a few current researchers used microwave energy for the food industry, rubber and plastic industry, vulcanization, bonding, curing, welding, shrinking heating, sterilization, pharmaceutical industry, paper and wood industry, textile (drying, dye fixation), control of moisture, composite cladding, functionally grades composite cladding, cladding, sintering, joining, brazing, coating, and also for melting some ferrous and nonferrous low melting point materials. 31,33,34,45,47–53…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of iron-based composite materials through electromagnetic radiations in a domestic microwave oven

Pal

Gupta

Singh

2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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Microwave hybrid heating, a novel technique, is used to develop iron-based alloy (SS316), SS316+10EWAC1004 (nickel-based), and SS316+10EWAC1004+5Cr7C3 composite castings. The domestic microwave having a frequency of 2.45 × 103 MHz and a power of 0.9 kW, is used with a variable exposure time of microwave radiations. The microwave interaction procedure with the metallic powder is discussed to optimize the exposure time and temperature. A microstructure study of developed castings revealed the uniform melting of matrix and EWAC1004 with an identical dispersion of Cr7C3. The X-ray diffraction results revealed various intermetallic (Ni3Fe, Ni2Si, Cr2Ni3, MoNi4, Fe3Si, Fe2Si, CrFeNi) and hard carbides (Fe3C, Cr3C2, Cr23C6) phases. The maximum average micro-hardness is for the SS316+10EWAC1004+5Cr7C3 composite, followed by SS316+10EWAC1004. The established composite casting had a hardness of around 2 times that of the commercial SS316. The maximum density of 97% was found for Iron-based SS316-based. The grain size of microwave-processed SS316, SS316+10EWAC, and SS316+10EWAC +5Cr7C3 specimens is found to be 21 ± 4 µm, 18 ± 3 µm, and 17 ± 2 µm, respectively. It has been observed that reinforced phases hinder grain growth, and hence grain size reduces significantly. In comparison, commercial SS316 had a grain size of 31 ± 6 µm. The ASTM B-276 standard is used to determine pores that are of the order of 1.98%.

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Comparative Analysis of Microwave based Joining/Welding of SS304-SS304 using Different Interfacing Materials

Cited by 39 publications

References 10 publications

Joining and characterization of SS-430 using microwave hybrid heating technique

Joining and characterization of SS-430 using microwave hybrid heating technique

Study on lap joining and characterization of tin (Sn) powder on stainless steel SS304 using microwave heating

Development of iron-based composite materials through electromagnetic radiations in a domestic microwave oven

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