Comparative Analysis of Metabolite Profiling of Momordica charantia Leaf and the Anti-Obesity Effect through Regulating Lipid Metabolism

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of Momordica charantia (M. charantia) extract in obesity and abnormal lipid metabolism in mice fed high fat diet (HFD). Fruit, root, stem, and leaf extracts of M. charantia were obtained using distilled water, 70% ethanol and 95% hexane. M. charantia leaf distilled water extract (MCLW) showed the highest antioxidant activity in both 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity tests and reducing power. Metabolite profiles of M. charantia leaf extracts were analyzed for identification of bioactive compounds. HFD-fed mice were treated with MCLW (oral dose of 200 mg/kg/d) for 4 weeks. MCLW reduced lipid accumulation, body weight, organ weight, and adipose tissue volume and significantly improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in HFD mice. Furthermore, MCLW administration reduced serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with HFD mice. Moreover, MCLW significantly reduced the levels of serum urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase; alleviated liver and kidney injury. MCLW decreases expression of genes that fatty acid synthesis; increase the expression of catabolic-related genes. These results indicate that MCLW has an inhibitory effect on obese induced by high fat diet intake, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of abnormal lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue, suggesting that MCLW may be a suitable candidate for the treatment of obesity.

Naturally Occurring Functional Ingredient from Filamentous Thermophilic Cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp. KC45: Phytochemical Characterizations and Their Multiple Bioactivities

“…Table 3 shows the comparison of identified compounds with previous studies [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 ,…”

Effects of Chinese Yam Polysaccharide on Intramuscular Fat and Fatty Acid Composition in Breast and Thigh Muscles of Broilers

“…Cai et al [ 45 ] believed in their study that reducing the level of mRNA and protein in Wnt1 can affect the differentiation of muscle cells, and the expression level of Wnt1 has an important effect on promoting muscle synthesis and reducing fat deposition. The effect of plant extracts on lipid deposition by regulating the expression level of lipid metabolism-related genes has been demonstrated in previous studies [ 46 , 47 ]. At the same time, according to the study of Xu et al [ 48 ], adding different dosages of plant sterols to feed can up-regulate the expression level of Wnt1 mRNA in liver and back muscle of pigs, thereby improving the lean meat rate.…”

Heat-Killed Enterococcus faecalis EF-2001 Attenuate Lipid Accumulation in Diet-Induced Obese (DIO) Mice by Activating AMPK Signaling in Liver

“…Thus, orlistat has been used as a positive treatment for strength enhancement [ 21 ]. Mice were fasted overnight after 12 weeks and then executed over anesthesia [ 22 ]. Konkuk University’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved all experiments, and every effort was made to minimize suffering and the number of animals used in this study (KU18090).…”

“…The specimen was stained with hematoxylin for 40 s, followed by 5 min of soaking in tap water. This work was carried out as previously described [ 22 ]. Gelatin was heated and cooled in a water bath to achieve binding and stabilization.…”