Comparative Analysis of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Off-Grid Applications in Chad

Abstract

In this study, a techno-economic feasibility analysis of hybrid renewable energy systems for four household categories in rural areas of Chad was studied based on the multi-criteria assessment technique. The problem of this study is to know the best optimal solution in the technical and economic feasibility study of the decentralized mini-grids for the rural electrification of isolated villages in Chad. The main objective of the work is to assess technically, economically and environmentally the feasibility of six scenarios of hybrid systems in five isolated sites in Chad. The performance analysis involved six scenarios of possible hybrid solutions while achieving a supply-demand balance for sustainable electrification of the remote villages, using the HOMER software. The results have shown that the optimum combination of the hybrid system was the photovoltaic/battery system with a Net Present Cost (NPC) of US $ 328,146 and it was found at Etena village. The photovoltaic/Wind/Diesel/Battery hybrid configuration was the least optimum system and it has appeared in Mandelia village. In terms of energy cost, the lowest Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) was estimated at US $ 0.236/kWh in a photovoltaic/Wind/Battery configuration at Koundoul site and the highest costs US $ 0.363/kWh in the photovoltaic/Battery configuration at the Linia site. It is established that hybrid solutions can be developed to make electricity available and accessible to the population of the remote rural areas in Chad. However, it is imperative that the local government must subsidize the diesel price to promote the adaptation of the abundant renewable solutions.

Technical and Economical Evaluation of Micro-Solar PV/Diesel Hybrid Generation System for Small Demand

“…For further study, in the technical aspect, additional components such as quickresponse batteries or ultra-capacitors that absorb frequency fluctuations have to be examined. And also, hybrid system with other renewable sources can be considered, especially wind turbine which can reduce levelized cost of electricity (Hassane et al 2022). Wind turbine may cause more frequency fluctuation from input energy.…”

Comparison of the Grid and Off-Grid Hybrid Power Systems for Application in University Buildings in Nigeria

“…The total NPC) is the sum of the discounted cash flow (costs -revenues) every year of the project duration. as follows (Hassane et al, 2022;HOMER, 2022):…”

Off grid PV/Diesel/Wind/Batteries energy system options for the electrification of isolated regions of Chad

“…Renewable energy sources are available, inexhaustible and clean to the environment. The quest for sustainable and clean energy is growing globally rapidly due to the increasing world population and the need to reduce CO 2 emissions [ 2 , 3 ]. The access rate to electricity is still very low in developing and underdeveloped countries.…”

“…Even though many previous works related to hybrid energy system sizing are found in the literature, to the best of our knowledge, only four are applied for some sites of Chad [ 3 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. [ 17 ] assessed the Grid/PV/Wind hybrid energy system viability to provide electricity in 25 sites of Chad [ 18 ].…”

“…[ 20 ], only one site (Amjarass) with only one hypothetical load profile was considered. The authors of [ 3 ] on their part, proposed the hybrid system for only five sites of Chad. The investigation of hybrid energy system feasibility has not yet been studied for most remotes areas of Chad where there is no access to electricty.…”