Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Centenarians and Young People: Impact of Eating Habits and Childhood Living Environment

Sepp, Epp; Smidt, Imbi; Rööp, Tiiu; Štšepetova, Jelena; Kõljalg, Siiri; Mikelsaar, Marika; Soidla, Indrek; Ainsaar, Mare; Kolk, Helgi; Vallas, M.; Jaagura, Madis; Mändar, Reet

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.851404

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…S 1a-d ). This is consistent with the results of Sepp et al 22 , who showed that the richness and diversity of microbiota and the abundance of hereditary and environmental microbes were higher in people with longevity than young people. According to PCoA, the gut microbiota of the older groups (Y80, Y100, Y120) differed significantly from that of the younger groups (Y20, Y40, Y60) using the unweighted UniFrac distance (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Gut microbiota as an antioxidant system in centenarians associated with high antioxidant activities of gut-resident Lactobacillus

Xie

Liu

et al. 2022

npj Biofilms Microbiomes

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The gut microbiota plays an important role in human health and longevity, and the gut microbiota of centenarians shows unique characteristics. Nowadays, most microbial research on longevity is usually limited to the bioinformatics level, lacking validating information on culturing functional microorganisms. Here, we combined metagenomic sequencing and large-scale in vitro culture to reveal the unique gut microbial structure of the world’s longevity town—Jiaoling, China, centenarians and people of different ages. Functional strains were isolated and screened in vitro, and the possible relationship between gut microbes and longevity was explored and validated in vivo. 247 healthy Cantonese natives of different ages participated in the study, including 18 centenarians. Compared with young adults, the gut microbiota of centenarians exhibits higher microbial diversity, xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, oxidoreductases, and multiple species (the potential probiotics Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, the methanogenic Methanobrevibacter, gut butyrate-producing members Roseburia, and SCFA-producing species uncl Clostridiales, uncl Ruminococcaceae) known to be beneficial to host metabolism. These species are constantly changing with age. We also isolated 2055 strains from these samples by large-scale in vitro culture, most of which were detected by metagenomics, with clear complementarity between the two approaches. We also screened an age-related gut-resident Lactobacillus with independent intellectual property rights, and its metabolite (L-ascorbic acid) and itself have good antioxidant effects. Our findings underscore the existence of age-related trajectories in the human gut microbiota, and that distinct gut microbiota and gut-resident as antioxidant systems may contribute to health and longevity.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Gut microbiota as an antioxidant system in centenarians associated with high antioxidant activities of gut-resident Lactobacillus

Xie

Liu

et al. 2022

npj Biofilms Microbiomes

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“…We note that the direction of effect for the association of age and host general health with alpha diversity were in opposition with one another, showing positive and inverse association, respectively. With regards to this observation, we consider that it is not uncommon for there to be competing processes seen in microbiota studies which may underly the heterogeneity of older people’s microbiome, and the differing relationship between chronological age and morbidity: namely, healthy survivor effect, illustrated by centenarian gut microbiomes harbouring favourable microbiota 43 , 44 and a frailty effect 42 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influential factors of saliva microbiota composition

Wells

Sprockett

Bowyer

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The oral microbiota is emerging as an influential factor of host physiology and disease state. Factors influencing oral microbiota composition have not been well characterised. In particular, there is a lack of population-based studies. We undertook a large hypothesis-free study of the saliva microbiota, considering potential influential factors of host health (frailty; diet; periodontal disease), demographics (age; sex; BMI) and sample processing (storage time), in a sample (n = 679) of the TwinsUK cohort of adult twins. Alpha and beta diversity of the saliva microbiota was associated most strongly with frailty (alpha diversity: β = −0.16, Q = 0.003, Observed; β = −0.16, Q = 0.002, Shannon; β = −0.16, Q = 0.003, Simpson; Beta diversity: Q = 0.002, Bray Curtis dissimilarity) and age (alpha diversity: β = 0.15, Q = 0.006, Shannon; β = 0.12, Q = 0.003, Simpson; beta diversity: Q = 0.002, Bray Curtis dissimilarity; Q = 0.032, Weighted UniFrac) in multivariate models including age, frailty, sex, BMI, frailty and diet, and adjustment for multiple testing. Those with a more advanced age were more likely to be dissimilar in the saliva microbiota composition than younger participants (P = 5.125e−06, ANOVA). In subsample analyses, including consideration of periodontal disease (total n = 138, periodontal disease n = 66), the association with frailty remained for alpha diversity (Q = 0.002, Observed ASVs; Q = 0.04 Shannon Index), but not beta diversity, whilst age was not demonstrated to associate with alpha or beta diversity in this subsample, potentially due to insufficient statistical power. Length of time that samples were stored prior to sequencing was associated with beta diversity (Q = 0.002, Bray Curtis dissimilarity). Six bacterial taxa were associated with age after adjustment for frailty and diet. Of the factors studied, frailty and age emerged as the most influential with regards to saliva microbiota composition. Whilst age and frailty are correlates, the associations were independent of each other, giving precedence to both biological and chronological ageing as processes of potential importance when considering saliva microbiota composition.

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“…The separate observation of a unique, highly diverse microbiota in centenarian “super‐agers” has yet to be mechanistically linked to these immune phenotypes but may be due to altered metabolite production. Diet and exercise, among other lifestyle factors, have a significant impact on successful aging and the composition of the microbiota of both young and elderly individuals (Claesson et al, 2012 ; David et al, 2014 ; Gopinath et al, 2018 ; Ramos et al, 2022 ; Sepp et al, 2022 ). However, the critical components for successful aging and the acquisition of healthy centenarian status remain elusive, as the markers of successful aging are complicated and multifactorial, with genetic, environmental, and immune factors all contributing to a state of homeostasis and improved quality of life (Motta et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Age‐related Immune Alterations and The Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

A gut‐centric view of aging: Do intestinal epithelial cells contribute to age‐associated microbiota changes, inflammaging, and immunosenescence?

Hohman

Osborne

2022

Aging Cell

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The global population is aging, and the World Health Organization (WHO) projects that the number of individuals aged 60 and older will double by 2050, while the number of individuals aged 80 and over will triple between 2020 and 2050. The increasing age of the global population is associated with significant consequences and costs for both societal and health infrastructure. Aging is associated with a host of health complications, including cancer and metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders (Deleidi et al., 2015;Franceschi et al., 2018;Goronzy & Weyand, 2012), yet not all individuals age equally, leading to the hypothesis that environmental and genetic factors conspire to promote healthy or unhealthy aging. Unraveling the qualities that promote healthy over unhealthy aging represents an important research question, which may translate into significant improvements in the quality of life for the global aging population and the rates of multifactorial ageassociated comorbidities.While the biomedical research enterprise focuses on understanding mechanisms to enhance healthy aging and longevity, there are coincident societal implications. Aged individuals can provide valuable societal contributions through their accumulated knowledge and generational insights, yet this wisdom is commonly overlooked in Western societies, resulting in increasing isolation of elders. Ageism has been recognized as a global challenge by WHO with an estimated 6.3 million cases of depression thought to be attributable to ageism. Further, ageism is associated with worsened physical and mental health, increased loneliness and isolation, financial insecurity, decreased quality of life, and premature death. A shift in these views and the perception of the role of the elderly in society will be necessary to ensure that the idea of "healthy aging" holistically considers quality of life and continued societal integration and inclusion, as well as disease-free lifespan.

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Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Centenarians and Young People: Impact of Eating Habits and Childhood Living Environment

Cited by 20 publications

References 67 publications

Gut microbiota as an antioxidant system in centenarians associated with high antioxidant activities of gut-resident Lactobacillus

Gut microbiota as an antioxidant system in centenarians associated with high antioxidant activities of gut-resident Lactobacillus

Influential factors of saliva microbiota composition

A gut‐centric view of aging: Do intestinal epithelial cells contribute to age‐associated microbiota changes, inflammaging, and immunosenescence?

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