Comparative analysis of gut microbial composition and potential functions in captive forest and alpine musk deer

Jiang, Feng; Song, Pengfei; Wang, Haijing; Zhang, Jingjie; Liu, Daoxin; Cai, Zhenyuan; Gao, Hongmei; Chi, Xiaowei; Zhang, Tongzuo

doi:10.1007/s00253-022-11775-8

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Previous studies also showed that the diversity of the gut microbiota was reduced (Diaz & Reese 2021; Jiang et al. 2022) and the abundance of pathogenic bacteria increased in wild animals after their introduction to zoo environments (Gao et al. 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of ex situ conservation on diversity and function of the gut microbiota of the Tibetan wild ass (Equus kiang)

et al. 2023

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Ex situ conservation is the main method for the protection of endangered wildlife. To explore the effect of ex situ conservation on the gut microbiota of the kiang (Equus kiang), metagenomic sequencing combined with bioinformatics analysis was used to investigate the composition and function of the gut microbiota of the kiang. The results showed that ex situ conservation not only protected wildlife, but also affected the composition and function of gut microbiota, as well as the health of animals. In the zoo, the ratio of the relative abundance of Firmicutes to that of Bacteroidetes (F/B) is higher, clusters of potentially pathogenic bacteria (such as Catonella, Catonella, and Mycoplasma) are more numerous, the abundance of resistance genes is higher, and the abundance of metabolic functions is increased. The dynamic changes of the gut microbiota also played an important role in the nutritional absorption, energy metabolism, and environmental adaptation of the kiang. Improving the rearing environment and increasing food diversity play important roles for increasing the diversity of gut microbiota, reducing the spread of potentially pathogenic bacteria, and reducing diseases. In the wild, especially in winter and in food‐deficient areas, food supplementation can enhance the gut microbial homeostasis of wild animals and reduce the impact of crises. In depth studies of the gut microbial function of wildlife have important implications for improving ex situ conservation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of ex situ conservation on diversity and function of the gut microbiota of the Tibetan wild ass (Equus kiang)

et al. 2023

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“…The composition and diversity of the gut microbiota are affected by biotic and abiotic factors, such as genetic background, diet, season, region, habitat, and other environmental factors ( e.g. , Xin et al, 2019 ; Chang et al, 2020 ; Fan et al, 2020 ; Aricha et al, 2021 ; Guo et al, 2021 ; Ilina et al, 2021 ; Jiang et al, 2022 ), but diet is considered one of the predominant factors influencing the diversity and composition of the gut microbial community ( Kim et al, 2014 ; Khafipour et al, 2016 ; Guo et al, 2021 ; Wei et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variations in the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in white-lipped deer (Cervus albirostris)

You

Deng

Liu

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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The gut microbiota has key physiological functions in host adaptation, although little is known about the seasonal changes in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota in deer. In this study, seasonal variations (grassy and withering season) in the gut microbiota of white-lipped deer (Cervus albirostris), which lives in alpine environments, were explored through 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing based on sixteen fecal samples collected from Gansu Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve in China. At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota dominated the grassy season, while Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteriota dominated the withering season. At the genus level, Carnobacterium dominated the grassy season, while Arthrobacter and Acinetobacter dominated the withering season. Alpha diversity results (Shannon: P = 0.01, ACE: P = 0.00, Chao1: P = 0.00) indicated that there was a difference in the diversity and richness of the gut microbiota between the two seasons, with higher diversity in the grassy season than in the withering season. Beta diversity results further indicated that there was a significant difference in the community structure between the two seasons (P = 0.001). In summary, the composition, diversity, and community structure of the gut microbiota showed significant seasonal variations, which could be explained by variations in the seasonal food availability, composition, diversity, and nutrition due to phenological alternations. The results of this study indicate that the gut microbiota can adapt to changes in the environment and provide the scientific basis for health assessment of white-lipped deer.

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“…PCoA and NMDS showed that the structure of microflora changed regularly with the improvement of CP levels. This indicated that the microflora structure of M group is between L and H. Jiang et al (2022) pointed out that higher α-diversity of gut microbiota probably benefits FMD adaption to different habitats. In the present research, group H has the highest α-diversity of fecal microbiota, this might indicate that the high protein of Group H has caused certain stress to the FMD, so that the intestinal bacteria have to make changes to cope with this stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Exploring the growing forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) dietary protein requirement based on gut microbiome

Gong

Song²,

Ai³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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It is necessary to assess the appropriate dietary protein level of the forest musk deer (FMD), as nutritional needs are unclear. The microbiome in gastrointestinal tracts plays an important role in regulating nutrient utilization, absorption and host growth or development. Thus, we aimed to evaluate growth performance, nutrient digestibility and fecal microbiome of growing FMD supplied with different protein levels of diets. Eighteen 6-month-old male FMD with an initial weight 5.0 ± 0.2 kg were used in a 62-day trial. The animals were randomly distributed to three groups, the dietary crude protein (CP) level was 11.51% (L), 13.37% (M), and 15.48% (H). The results showed that the CP digestibility decreased as dietary CP level increased (p < 0.01). Compared with group L and H, FMD in M group has higher average daily gain, feed efficiency and neutral detergent fiber digestibility. For the fecal bacterial community, the percentage of Firmicutes was increased, Bacteroidetes was decreased and the diversity of microbiota significantly reduced (p < 0.05) with the increasing of dietary protein. The proportion of Ruminococcaceae_005, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and uncultured_bacterium_f_Lachnospiraceae were significantly increased wtih rising CP, the proportions of Bacteroides and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were significantly decrease nevertheless at the genus level. The higher abundance of f_Prevotellaceae and g_Prevotellaceae_UCG_004 were found at M group by LEfSe analysis. The relative abundance of uncultured_bacterium_f_Ruminococcaceae was positively correlated with the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05), whereas Family_XIII_AD3011_group was negatively correlated with feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). The UPGMA tree showed L and M groups were closer in clustering relationship, while H group was clustered separately into a branch, which indicated that the bacterial structure had changed greatly with protein level increased from 13.37 to 15.48%. Overall, our results indicated that the optimum dietary CP for the growing FMD was 13.37%.

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Comparative analysis of gut microbial composition and potential functions in captive forest and alpine musk deer

Cited by 17 publications

References 94 publications

Effects of ex situ conservation on diversity and function of the gut microbiota of the Tibetan wild ass (Equus kiang)

Effects of ex situ conservation on diversity and function of the gut microbiota of the Tibetan wild ass (Equus kiang)

Seasonal variations in the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in white-lipped deer (Cervus albirostris)

Exploring the growing forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) dietary protein requirement based on gut microbiome

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