Comparative analysis of greenhouse gas emission inventory for Pakistan: Part I energy and industrial processes and product use

Mir, Kaleem Anwar; Park, Chunkyoo; Purohit, Pallav; Kim, Seungdo

doi:10.1016/j.accre.2020.05.002

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…16,21,[65][66][67] Few studies have attempted to describe these decoupling effects at the sectoral level taking data from different countries, especially from the point of view of fuel types. 2,11,13,37,38 This study fills a literature gap and clarifies the policy implications under defined decoupling conditions to help Pakistan build decoupled sustainable industrial production systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Even considering industrial carbon emissions, virtually no research considers the relationship between industry carbon emissions and economic growth; few scholars discuss the decoupling connection between total CO 2 emissions and economic growth. 37,38 Indeed, the industry is an essential source of greenhouse gas emissions. Although industrial carbon emissions are less than those of thermal and transport industries, their structural distribution and development speed are significant reasons for global warming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decoupling mechanism of industry carbon emissions, carbon intensity and economic growth in Pakistan

Iqbal

Tang

Jahangir

et al. 2023

Indoor and Built Environment

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The study examined the decoupling relationship between industry carbon emissions and economic growth using the most current updated data. We collected data from the industry sector of Pakistan from 1991 to 2018. This study used two techniques, Tapio’s elasticity and fluctuation index, to test the decoupling relationship and the relationship’s stability between industry carbon emissions and economic growth. First, we analyzed the decoupling relationship between industry carbon emissions and economic growth in Pakistan using Tapio’s decoupling model, decoupling the elasticity of technology, scale and structure. Second, the decoupling volatility index was used to determine the stability of the technology, scale and structure elasticity. The Tapio decoupling elasticity technique results confirmed the significant relationship between industry CO2 emissions, economic growth and added value comes out to be a simple feature of each stage and undergoes expansive negative and strong decoupling processes. The outcomes of elastically decoupled volatility indexes suggest that three out of four indices are high, indicating unstable decoupling conditions. This study concludes that growth and volatility were the crucial characteristics of industrial carbon emissions during 1991–2018. Hence, the industry’s carbon emissions were increased from 16.67 million tons in 1991 to 55.70 million tons in 2018, an average yearly growth of 4.56%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoupling mechanism of industry carbon emissions, carbon intensity and economic growth in Pakistan

Iqbal

Tang

Jahangir

et al. 2023

Indoor and Built Environment

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“…This analysis estimates total national GHG emissions to be 630.4 million tons CO 2 -eq in 2018, whereas the GHG emission inventory estimates total GHG emission use at 458.4 million tons CO 2 -eq in 2018. 10,11 The main discrepancies between the GHG inventory and this analysis come from the agriculture sector, specifically methane from livestock enteric fermentation. This analysis estimates total emissions from livestock to be 229 million tons of CO 2 -eq in 2017 compared to 99 million tons of CO2-eq estimated in the GHG emission inventory.…”

Section: Baseline and Mitigation Scenario Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Air Pollutant Emission Reductions from Implementation of Pakistan’s 2023 Clean Air Policy

Slater,

Aftab,

Jamshaid

et al. 2024

ACS EST Air

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In March 2023, Pakistan's Cabinet approved a Clean Air Policy which established ambient air quality targets and identified priority actions in the major air pollutant-emitting sectors. This work describes a quantitative air pollutant and greenhouse gas mitigation modeling assessment at national and subnational scale that provided evidence to inform Pakistan's Clean Air Policy. Air pollutant emissions are quantified historically (2010−2021) and projected to 2050 for baseline (without implementation of mitigation measures) and for scenarios which model the implementation of 18 specific mitigation measures. The assessment identified five major air pollutant-emitting sources nationally: Households (35% national total primary PM 2.5 emissions), Transport (5%), Industry (16%), Agriculture (17%), and Waste (24%). Pakistan's Clean Air Policy identifies a priority mitigation measure for each of these sectors, which collectively could reduce national PM 2.5 emissions by 36.4% in 2030 compared to the baseline. Full implementation of all 18 mitigation measures would reduce primary PM 2.5 emissions by 80% in 2050 compared with the baseline. Developing a Clean Air Policy was committed to in Pakistan's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to help achieve Pakistan's climate change commitment while improving public health. This study shows that the Clean Air Policy could also have benefits for Pakistan meeting its climate change goals, with an estimated 5% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions and 42% reduction in methane emissions achievable by 2050 from full implementation of the actions evaluated in this assessment. As Pakistan's Clean Air Policy is implemented, progressively updating this air pollutant and climate change mitigation assessments can help track progress on its achievement.

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“…Major contributing factors include increased utilization of non-renewable energy resources since the industrial revolution in the eighteenth century and expanded farming activities associated with the growing population [1]. A growth rate of 4.1% in greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) was observed in Pakistan from 1994 to 2012, with energy and agriculture as the major stakeholders responsible for 89% of the total emissions [2]. As the agriculture sector is widely dispersed throughout the country and alone has contributed 44% to CO 2 equivalent GHG emissions [3], considerable mitigation strategies are required in this sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current study described the LCA application on Pakistani corn with specific emphasis on the identification of hotspots in the production chain. The objectives of this study were to: (1) identify the LCA impacts of Pakistani corn and environmen-tal hotspots in corn farming; (2) quantitatively analyze the impact of corn growing on human health, ecosystem, climate change, and resources and explore the mechanism of climate change and human activities on the production chain; and (3) provide the available mitigation options for corn production in Pakistan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Sustainable Farm Production System: A Case Study of Corn Farming

et al. 2021

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Many recent studies show that most of the crop production systems in developing countries are not environmentally sustainable. This study uses the life cycle assessment (LCA) to investigate the potential impacts of corn production in Pakistan on global warming and human health damages and also suggests mitigation strategies to reduce environmental impacts towards sustainable crop production based on the results. Land-based, mass-based, and energy-based functional units were used. IMPACT 2002+ methodology—a combination of IMPACT 2002, Eco-Indicator 99, CML, and intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC)—is used for the impact assessment. The results demonstrated that the global warming potential of one-ton production of corn, one-hectare corn farm, and production of 1000 MJ energy were 354.18, 34,569.90, and 1275.13 kg CO2 equivalents, respectively. The off-farm and on-farm emissions of nitrogen-based chemical fertilizers were the hotspots in the most impact categories. Moreover, human health damages followed by global warming as environmental externalities were also associated with corn production. We also highlighted the production areas with light, medium and extreme environmental externalities with Toba Tek Singh and Okara districts in the Punjab province of Pakistan being the most and least contributing districts towards global warming, respectively. Results further indicated that a 5 to 100% reduction of chemical fertilizers would mitigate the environmental impacts of corn production by 4.38 to 87.58% and 2.16 to 43.30% in terms of aquatic acidification and global warming, respectively. Modern farming systems and conservation technologies were suggested to reduce emissions and improve the environmental performance of corn production. Furthermore, agricultural extension and the ministry of agriculture should pay more attention to farmers’ education on emissions from farming inputs and their impact on climate.

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Comparative analysis of greenhouse gas emission inventory for Pakistan: Part I energy and industrial processes and product use

Cited by 19 publications

References 2 publications

Decoupling mechanism of industry carbon emissions, carbon intensity and economic growth in Pakistan

Decoupling mechanism of industry carbon emissions, carbon intensity and economic growth in Pakistan

Modeling Air Pollutant Emission Reductions from Implementation of Pakistan’s 2023 Clean Air Policy

Towards Sustainable Farm Production System: A Case Study of Corn Farming

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