Comparative analysis of genetic diversity between Qinghai-Tibetan wild and Chinese landrace barley

Abstract

Fifty-two SSR markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of 33 Qinghai-Tibetan wild barley accessions, 56 landraces collected primarily from other parts of China, and 1 Israeli wild barley accession. At the 52 SSR loci, 206 alleles were detected for the 90 accessions, among which 111 were common alleles. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 9, with an average of 4.0. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0 to 0.856 among all the markers, with an average of 0.547. The PIC value of Qinghai-Tibetan wild barley varied from 0 to 0.813 with an average of 0.543, while in landraces, the markers showed a range of 0 to 0.790 with an average of 0.490. The SSR markers could clearly differentiate the Qinghai-Tibetan wild barley from the landraces. Twenty-four unique alleles were observed in Qinghai-Tibetan wild barley, and the frequency of unique alleles in Qinghai-Tibetan wild barley was about 2.1 times higher than that in the landraces, on average. Five of the 7 chromosomes had more unique alleles in the Qinghai-Tibetan wild barley, but chromosome 2H had more unique alleles in the landraces. The presence of many unique alleles may reflect the adaptation of this barley germplasm to diverse environments and production systems.

Molecular evidence of RNA polymerase II gene reveals the origin of worldwide cultivated barley

“…Extensive studies have reported that Tibetan wild barley was clearly different from other areas, and suggested that the Tibetan Plateau and its vicinity are the center of origin for cultivated barley in the Oriental region29303140, which was also supported by our data here. This was particularly evident for the haplotype Hap1, which was most frequent in the Tibetan wild barleys and East Asian cultivars (0.65 and 0.508, respectively), and haplotype Hap2 unique to Tibetan wild barley, which was also present in the most accessions of East Asian cultivated barleys (Table 1).…”

“…The role of wild barley from the Tibetan Plateau in the process of the origin and evolution of cultivated barley has attracted increasing attention26272829303132. Morphological, archaeological, cytogenetic and isozyme data revealed that wild barley on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is different from that in the Fertile Crescent33.…”

Discovery of Novel Bmy1 Alleles Increasing β-Amylase Activity in Chinese Landraces and Tibetan Wild Barley for Improvement of Malting Quality via MAS

“…Numerous small groups were also observed in each large group. Based on the classification of INDELs in Bmy1 intronic and promoter sequences, as well as a previous genetic diversity study using the same materials [10], eight accessions were further selected to analyse enzyme activity and to sequence the full Bmy1 sequence.…”

“…DNA extraction was conducted following the same method as Gong et al [10]. Twelve pairs of Multiplex-ready primers hv1006, hv1010, hv1013, hv1014, hv1015, hv1016, hv1018, hv1019, hv1020, hv1021, hv1022, and hv1023 were employed to screen the 91 accessions (Table S2).…”

“…The Qinghai-Tibetan plateau has been suggested as the centre of origin for Chinese landraces [10]. However, to date, the knowledge of the Chinese barley germplasm gene pool has been restricted to differences between Chinese landraces and Tibetan wild barley in some traits, such as salt tolerance [11] and protein content [12].…”